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关于作文教学相关论文范本,与Languagetestpaper相关本科毕业论文
本论文是一篇关于作文教学相关本科毕业论文,关于Languagetestpaper相关毕业论文的格式范文。免费优秀的关于作文教学及语文教育及语文教学方面论文范文资料,适合作文教学论文写作的大学硕士及本科毕业论文开题报告范文和学术职称论文参考文献下载。
stofanumberofdifferenttexts.Onlyexactscoringshouldbepossiblesoastoensureobjectivity.
Nativespeakersoughttobeabletomakevirtuallyperfectscoresonthetest：90'%orhigher.Ifnativespeakerscannotmakescoreshigherthan90%,thenthetextshouldnotbeusedfornon-nativespeakers.
Thenewtestshouldbereliable,validandeasytodevelop.Thefirstresultspresentedin1982showedthatallthesecriteriawerefulfilled.Subsequentresearch（cf.Grotjahn,Klein-Braley,Raatz,thisvolume）hasconfirmedtheseearlyfindings.（UlrichRaatz,IntroductiontolanguagetestingandC-Tests）
TheC-testisreallyavarietyofclose,whichitsoriginatorsclaimissuperiortothekindofclosetest.Insteadofwholewords,itisthesecondhalfofeverywordwhichisdeleted.（ArthurHughes,TestingforLanguageTeachers）
In1981RaatzandKlein-BraleypresentedC-Testsasatechnicalimprovementoverclozetests.Theyhadsetupanumberofconditionswhichthenewtestformatshouldfulfill：
"Thenewtestshouldbemuchshorter,butatthesametimeitshouldhaveatleast100items.
"Thedeletionrateandthestartingpointfordeletionsshouldbefixed.
"Thewordsaffectedbythedeletionsshouldbeagenuinelyrepresentativesampleoftheelementsofthetext.
"Examineeswithspecialknowledgeshouldnotbefavouredbyspecifictexts,thereforethenewtestoughttoconsistofanumberofdifferenttexts.
"Onlyexactscoringshouldbepossiblesoastoensureobjectivity.
"Nativespeakersoughttobeabletomakevirtuallyperfectscoresonthetest：90'%orhigher.Ifnativespeakerscannotmakescoreshigherthan90%,thenthetextshouldnotbeusedfornon-nativespeakers.
"Thenewtestshouldbereliable,validandeasytodevelop.Thefirstresultspresentedin1982showedthatallthesecriteriawerefulfilled.Subsequentresearch（cf.Grotjahn,Klein-Braley,Raatz,thisvolume）hasconfirmedtheseearlyfindings.
LucyKatonaandZoltanDornye（TheC-Test：ATeacherFriendlyWaytoTestLanguageProficiency）pointedoutthatTheC-testisanintegrativetestinginstrumentthatmeasuresoveralllanguagepetence,verymuchliketheclozetest.Itconsistsoffourtosixshort,preferablyauthentic,textsinthetargetlanguage,towhich"theruleoftwo"hasbeenapplied：thesecondhalfofeverysecondwordhasbeendeleted,beginningwiththesecondwordofthesecondsentence；thefirstandlastsentencesareleftintact.Ifawordhasanoddnumberofletters,the"bigger"partisomitted,e.g.,proudbeespr-.One-letterwords,suchasI,areignoredinthecounting.Thestudents'taskistorestorethemissingparts.InatypicalC-testthereare100gaps-thatis,missingparts.Onlyentirelycorrectrestorationsareaccepted.Bywayofillustration,hereisashortC-test："Onecoolautumnevening,BobL.,ayoungprofessional,returnedhomefromatriptothesupermarkettofindhisputergone.Gone!Allso-ofcr-thoughtsra-throughh-mind：H-itbe-stolen?H-itbe-kidnapped?H-searchedh-housef-acl-untilh-noticedasm-pieceo-printoutpa-stuckun-amaga-onh-refrigeratordo-.Hishe-sanka-here-thissim-message：can'tcontinue,fileclosed,bye."
C-Testsbelongtothefamilyoflanguagetestsusingthereducedredundancyapproachtowardstestdevelopment.Theyareintendedasatechnicalimprovementonclozetests.C-Testsconsistof4to6authentictextsinthelanguagerequired,shouldbeselectedfromdifferentsourcesandmustbeappropriateincontentanddifficultylevelforthetargetgroupenvisaged.C-Testshavebeenusedinanumberoflanguages,.e.g.English,French,German,Italian,Russian,SpanishandPortuguese.ForEnglishandGermantextsreadabilitytypepredictionformulasforestimatingdifficultybeforetestuseareavailable.
HerearetwosamplesofC-Test：
1Haywoodfootballteamneedsnewplayers
Youli__footballa__youdo__haveate__topl__with?Th__et_ourne__trainingo_Wednesdayafter____int__newspo___halla_Haywood.Every____iswel_____here,ju__bringyo__footballsh___alonga__havef__.Ourn__traineri_perfect,la__yearw_evenbe__theteamofNottinghamHighSchool.We'rewaitingforyou!
2.Fillinthemissingwords
BeforetheDixons_____toSeahouses,MrsDixonneededs___thingsf____theshop.Shet___Sarahtobringthreet___ofcatf___,fours____bottles__wateranda___ofmuesli.Sarahdidn't!_____tohermother.Sheb_____thew____thingsandf_____tobringthemuesli.MrsDixondidn'twant___chocolate,butSarahboughtfive____ofchocolate.
____shecamehome,Sarah'smotherwasa____.Sheshouted："Youn____listentowhatItellyou."Sarahsaid："
关于作文教学相关论文范本,与Languagetestpaper相关本科毕业论文参考文献资料：