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,asinthephrases"careeringabout,"thesesurvive.CareerappearedinEnglish等5

超过两行的直接引用的诗行需单独引用,左边缩进5个字母,左边对齐.如:

In"SongofMyself,"WaltWhitmanusesthedictionandrhythmofnaturalspeech.

AchildsaidWhatisthegrassfetchingittomewithfullhands,

HowcouldIanswerthechildIdonotknowwhatitisanymorethanhe.

Iguessitmustbetheflagofmydisposition,outofhopefulgreenstuffwoven.

引用戏剧中的对话时,把人物名字缩进5个字母,斜体表示.如果名字很长,第一次参考后采用缩略形式.名字后用点号,在点号与人物语言之间空两个字母,以下各行与首行左对齐.舞台说明置于中括号内,用斜体.

Inaflashback,MillerdemonstratesthattheLomanfamilyhasamemoryofbettertimes.

[Lindaenters,asofold,aribboninherhair,carryingabasketofwashing.]

Linda.[Withyouthfulenergy]Hello,dear！

Willy.Sweetheart！

Linda.How'dtheChevvyrun

Willy.Chevrolet,Linda,isthegreatestcareverbuilt.[totheboys]Sincewhendoyouletyourmothercarrywashupthestairs6

提供信息的注释可以包含直接引用.所有的引用都融入文本,置于双引号内.如果引用内容超过一自然段,下面的段落不需缩进.每段的开始用双引号,整个引文的开头和结尾用双引号.如:

5.OnotherissuestheSupremeCourthandeddownthesedecisionsin1989."Rulingunanimouslyinacopyrightcase(munityforCreativeNon–Violencev.Redi,No.88-293),theCourtheldthatfreelanceartistsandwritersretaintherighttocopyrightwhattheycreateaslongastheywerenotinaconventionalemploymentrelationshipwiththeanizationthatmissionedtheirwork.

"ThecourtunanimouslyrefusedtonarrowthescopeoftheFederalracketeeringlaw.Thedecision,H.J.Inc.v.

NorthwesternBell,No.87–1252,leftthelaw,originallyaimedatanizedcrime,asapowerfulweaponinprivatecivillawsuits"(LindaGreenhouse,"TheYeartheCourtTurnerRight,"NewYorkTimes,July71989,A10).

直接引用的引出方式

融入文本的引文的之引出方式

融入文本的引用可以采用多种引出方式,取决于周边句子的风格和作者所追求的效果.

Jean-JacquesRoussseauadmits,"IfeltbeforeIthought."8

"IfeltbeforeIthought,"Rousseauexplains.8

Gibbonsetsthetoneforhismonumentalhistorywiththeassertionthat"inthesecondcenturyoftheChristianera,theEmpireofRomeprehendedthefairestpartoftheearth,andthemostcivilizedportionofmankind."9

"InthesecondcenturyoftheChristianera,theEmpireofRomeprehendedthefairestpartoftheearth,"inGibbon'sestimation,aswellas"themostcivilizedportionofmankind."9

InhishistoryoftheCivilwar,BruceCattondescribesColonelSolomonJ.Meredithasa"breezygiantofaman."10

AccordingtoCatton,ColonelSolomonJ.Meredithwas"abreezygiantofaman."10

TheodoreRooseveltcounseled,"Speaksoftlyandcarryabigstick."11

TheodoreRooseveltistheAmericanPresidentwhoadvisedleadersto"speaksoftlyandcarryabigstick."11

单独引用的引出方式

正式的引出语若为一个包含following,thus,或inthisway这样的字眼的完整句子,通常以冒号结束.如:

DeborahTannencharacterizedwomen'suseofspeechasfollows:

Formostwomen,thelanguageofconversationisprimarilyalanguageofrapport:awayofestablishingconnectionandnegotiatingrelationship.Emphasisisplacedondisplayingsimilaritiesandmatchingexperience.12

非正式的引出语若为完整句子,应该以句号结束.如:

DeborahTannendistinguisheswomen'suseofspeechfrommen's.

Formostwomen,thelanguageofconversationisprimarilyalanguageofrapport:等12

引出语若不是完整句子,其后的标点符号应能把引出语和引用内容结合为一个句子.

JamesMoffettfindsthatwhenpeopletrytotalkaboutabstraction,

Theyresortfinallytotalkingabouthowpeople,especiallychildren,learn.Itishardtoavoidananalogybetweenstagesofinformationprocessingthatgooninallofusallthetime,anddevelopmentalstagesofgrowth.Acurriculumsequencebasedonsuchanalogy,however,needstobecarefullyqualified.13

若引出语与引用内容之间不需要标点符号,即不用.如:

Awarenessofaudienceisessentialtosuccessfulmunicationbecause

allutterancesaretosomedegreedeterminedbyaplexofcontextualfactorsincludingwhoistalking,whoisbeingaddressed,whatisbeingtalkedabout,andothers.Ifspeakersdidnottakethesefactorsintoaccount,allkindsofmunicativemisfireswouldresult.14

几点说明:

(一),正文用五号字,字体为TimesNewRoman,每段首行缩进5个字母.

(二),单独引用和参考文献用5号字,脚注用小5号字体,脚注和参考文献中的中文文献用宋体,英文文献用TimesNewRoman.

(三),引文若为汉语,需译成英语.

(四),关于首次参考和再参考的注释问题

对于同一种文献,首次参考时采用完整注释,再参考时采用简化注释,形式如下.

2.LeonardShatzkin,InColdType:OveringtheBookCrisis(Boston:HoughtonMifflin,1982),45.

3.BenjaminWoolley,VirtualWorlds:AJourneyinHypeandHyperreality(Cambridge,England:Blackwell,1992),100.

4.1.Jack,February25,2016(7:03p.m.),mentonRichardPosner,"DoubleExportsinFiveYears,"TheBecker-PosnerBlog,February21,2016,

uchicagolaw.typepad./beckerposner/2016/02/double-exports-in-five-years-posner..

5.Shatzkin,45–47.

6.Wooley,81.