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theCorporation,andevenwhethertheythoughtitwasworthkeeping.ThereasonforitsinquiryisthattheBBC'sroyalcharterrunsoutin1996anditmustdecidewhethertokeeptheanizationasitis,ortomakechanges.

DefendersoftheCorporation—ofwhomtherearemany—arefondofquotingtheAmericanslogan"Ifitain'tbroke,don'tfixit."TheBBC"ain'tbroke",theysay,bywhichtheymeanitisnotbroken(asdistinctfromtheworld'broke',meaninghavingnomoney),sowhybothertochangeit

YettheBBCwillhavetochange,becausethebroadcastingworldarounditischanging.ThemercialTVchannels—ITVandChannel4—wererequiredbytheThatcherGovernment'sBroadcastingActtobeemoremercial,petingwitheachotherforadvertisers,andcuttingcostsandjobs.Butitisthearrivalofnewsatellitechannels—fundedpartlybyadvertisingandpartlybyviewerssubscriptions—whichwillbringaboutthebiggestchangesinthelongterm.

55.TheworldfamousBBCnowfaces.

[A]theproblemofnewscoverage

[B]anuncertainprospect

[C]inquiriesbythegeneralpublic

[D]shrinkageofaudience

56.Inthepassage,whichofthefollowingabouttheBBCisNOTmentionedasthekeyissue

[A]ExtensionofitsTVservicetoFarEast.

[B]Programmesasthesubjectofanation-widedebate.

[C]Potentialsforfurtherinternationalco-operations.

[D]Itsexistenceasabroadcastinganization.

57.TheBBC's"royalcharter"(Line4,Para.4)standsfor..

[A]thefinancialsupportfromtheroyalfamily

[B]theprivilegesgrantedbytheQueen

[C]acontractwiththeQueen

[D]auniquerelationshipwiththeroyalfamily

58.TheforemostreasonwhytheBBChastoreadjustitselfisnootherthan..

[A]theemergenceofmercialTVchannels

[B]theenforcementofBroadcastingActbythegovernment

[C]theurgentnecessitytoreducecostsandjobs

[D]thechallengeofnewsatellitechannels

Passage3

Inthelasthalfofthenieenthcentury"capital"and"labour"wereenlargingandperfectingtheirrivalanizationsonmodernlines.Manyanoldfirmwasreplacedbyalimitedliabilitypanywithabureaucracyofsalariedmanagers.Thechangemetthetechnicalrequirementsofthenewagebyengagingalargeprofessionalelementandpreventedthedeclineinefficiencythatsomonlyspoiledthefortunesoffamilyfirmsinthesecondandthirdgenerationaftertheenergeticfounders.Itwasmoreoverastepawayfromindividualinitiative,towardscollectivismandmunicipalandstate-ownedbusiness.

Therailwaypanies,thoughstillprivatebusinessmanagedforthebenefitofshareholders,wereveryunlikeoldfamilybusiness.Atthesametimethegreatmunicipalitieswentintobusinesstosupplylighting,tramsandotherservicestothetaxpayers.Thegrowthofthelimitedliabilitypanyandmunicipalbusinesshadimportantconsequences.Suchlarge,impersonalmanipulationofcapitalandindustrygreatlyincreasedthenumbersandimportanceofshareholdersasaclass,anelementinnationalliferepresentingirresponsiblewealthdetachedfromthelandandthedutiesofthelandowners,andalmostequallydetachedfromtheresponsiblemanagementofbusiness.Allthroughthenieenthcentury,America,Africa,India,AustraliaandpartsofEuropewerebeingdevelopedbyBritishcapital,andBritishshareholderswerethusenrichedbytheworld'smovementtowardsindustrialization.TownslikeBournemouthandEastbournespranguptohouselarge"fortable"classeswhohadretiredontheirines,andwhohadnorelationtotherestofthemunityexceptthatofdrawingdividendsandoccasionallyattendingashareholdersmeetingtodictatetheirorderstothemanagement.Ontheotherhand"shareholding"meantleisureandfreedomwhichwasusedbymanyofthelaterVictoriansforthehighestpurposeofagreatcivilization.

The"shareholders"assuchhadnoknowledgeofthelives,thoughtsorneedsoftheworkmenemployedbythepanyinwhichheheldshares,andhisinfluenceontherelationsofcapitalandlabourwasnotgood.Thepaidmanageractingforthepanywasinmoredirectrelationwiththemenandtheirdemands,butevenhehadseldomthatfamiliarpersonalknowledgeoftheworkmenwhichtheemployerhadoftenhadunderthemorepatriarchalsystemoftheoldfamilybusinessnowpassingaway.Indeedthemeresizeofoperationsandthenumbersofworkmeninvolvedrenderedsuchpersonalrelationsimpossible.Fortunately,however,theincreasingpowerandanizationofthetradeunions,atleastinallskilledtrades,enabledtheworkmentomeetonequaltermsthemanagersofthepanieswhoemployedthem.Thecrueldisciplineofthestrikeandlockouttaughtthetwopartiestorespecteachother'sstrengthandunderstandthevalueoffairnegotiation.

59.It'strueoftheoldfamilyfirmsthat.

[A]theywerespoiledbytheyoungergenerations

[B]theyfailedforlackofindividualinitiative

[C]theylackedefficiencyparedwithmodernpanies

[D]theycouldsupplyadequateservicestothetaxpayers

60.Thegrowthoflimitedliabilitypaniesresultedin.

[A]theseparationofcapitalfrommanagement

[B]theownershipofcapitalbymanagers

[C]theemergenceofcapitalandlabourastwoclasses

[D]theparticipationofshareholdersinmunicipalbusiness

61.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPTthat.

[A]theshare