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ispaperistodiscusstheadvantageanddisadvantageoftheapplicationofTask-basedLanguageTeachingtojuniorEnglishclassroom.Andaconclusionismadeas:Task-basedlanguageteachingemphasizesonstudents'municativepetence,itputsstudents'attentiononhowtofulfillataskthroughEnglishlanguageratherthanworryingaboutthegrammaticalstructure.Throughthisway,studentscanputwhattheyhavelearntintopracticeandmastertheabilitytomunicatethroughEnglish.以上为TimesNewRoman小四KeywordsTask-basedLanguageTeaching,juniorEnglishteaching,languageusingability以上为TimesNewRoman小四斜体
1.IntroductionTimesNewRoman三号加黑
Task-basedlanguageteaching(TBLT)wasfirstadvocatedin1980sbyforeignlanguageresearchersbasedonnumerousresearchesandpractices.Itisanimportantteachingmethoddevelopingfromthemunicativelanguageteaching.
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TBLTaimsattrainingstudentstobeeactivethinkers,doers,learners,andproficientmunicators.Itmakesthestudentsengageininteractioninthe"targetlanguage"inordertopleteatask,reachagoal,orsolveaproblem.Inthisway,thestudentsfocusontheprocessofperformingthetaskusingthetargetlanguagesothatthelearningisfocusedonmeaningratherthanform.Ifwecanmakelanguageintheclassroommeaningfulandthereforememorable,studentscanprocesslanguagethatisbeinglearnedmorenaturally.Inthiswaytheybeeactivethinkersaswellasproficientandconfidantusersofthelanguage(Nunan,2002).
正文为TimesNewRoman小四号1.5倍行距下同
2.Literaturereview
Inthischapter,aprehensivereviewofrelatedliteraturesisprovided.First,definitionsofTBLTarereviewed.Second,ponentsofTBLTincludinggoals,inputandactivitiesareintroduced.ThelastsectionwilldescribetheapplicationprinciplesofTBLT.
2.1DefinitionofTBLT
Onthedefinitionoftask,scholarsprovidedifferentunderstanding.Longdefinesataskas:
Apieceofworkundertakenforoneselforforothers,freelyorforsomereward.Thus,examplesoftasksincludepaintingafence,dressingachild,fillingoutaform,buyingapairofshoes,makinganairlinereservation,borrowingalibrarybook,takingadrivingtest,typingaletter,weighingapatient,sortingletters,takingahotelreservation,writingacheck,findingastreetdestinationandhelpingsomeoneacrossaroad.Inotherwords,by"task"ismeantthehundredandonethingspeopledoineverydaylife,atwork,atplay,andinbetween.Tasksarethethingspeoplewilltellyoutheydoifyouaskthemandtheyarenotappliedlinguists(Long,fromDoff,1990).
Crookesbelievedtaskis"等Apieceofworkoranactivity,usuallywithaspecifiedobjective,undertakenaspartofaneducationalcourse,oratwork等"(Crookes,fromBrumfit1992).Ells'definitionis"等anactivitywhichrequire[s]learnerstoarriveatanoutefromgiveninformationthroughsomeprocessofthought,andwhichallow[s]teacherstocontrolandregulatethatprocess等"(Ellis,1999:24).Nunamdefinestaskasanyclassroomworkwhichinvolveslearnersinprehending,manipulating,producingorinteractinginthetargetlanguagewhiletheirattentionisprincipallyfocusedonmeaningratherthanform.Thetaskshouldalsohaveasenseofpleteness,beingabletostandaloneasamunicativeactinitsownright(Nunan,2000:59).
Thesedefinitionsareroughlyarrangedintermsofacontinuumof"realworld"to"pedagogical"perspectivesonwhattasksare.Thisdistinctionbetweenthe"real"worldandtheclassroomdoesnotimplythattheclassroomisnotavalidsocialcontextinitsownright(Candling,1985:66).Nor,indeed,arerealworldandpedagogicaltasksmutuallyexclusive:thereisnoreasonwhytaskscannothavebothrealworldandpedagogicaldimensions.However,asimpliedinthefirsttwodefinitionsprovidedbyLongandbyCrookes,respectively,pedagogicaltasksshouldbederivedfromrealworldtasks,sinceanalyticalsyllabusesarebasedinpartonananalysisoflearners'behavioralneeds(Wliga,1976:11).
2.2ComponentsofTBLT
Inthefollowingsections,threeponentsofTBLTaregoingtobedealtwith,theyare:goalsinputandactivitiesofTBLT.
2.2.1Goals
Goalsarethevaguegeneralintentionsbehindanygivenlearningtask.Theyprovideapointofcontactbetweenthetaskandthebroadercurriculum.Teachers'answertothequestion(whydidyougetlearnerstoengageinTaskX)willgenerallytaketheformofsomesortofgoalstatement.Possibleanswersmightbe:
Iwantedtodeveloptheirpersonalwritingskills.
References
1.Cook,V.(1991).SecondLanguageLearningandUsingaSecondLanguage.London:Longman.
2.Zhang,W.Y.(Ed.)(2003).Globalperspectives:philosophyandpracticeinDistanceEducation,Beijing:ChinaCentralRadio&,TelevisionUniversityPress.
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5.菲利普.科特勒等着.《亚洲营销管理》.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2004.
6.周庆荣,张泽廷,朱美文,等.固体溶质在含夹带剂超临界流体中的溶解度.化工学报,1995(3):317—323.
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