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ying"tofindsilverlinings"(Line1,Para.2)theauthorsuggeststhatthejoblesstryto.

[A]seeksubsidiesfromthegovernment

[B]explorereasonsfortheunemployment

[C]makeprofitsfromthetroubledeconomy

[D]lookonthebrightsideoftherecession

37.accordingtoParagraph2,therecessionhasmadepeople.

[A]realizethenationaldream

[B]struggleagainsteachother

[C]challengetheirprudence

[D]reconsidertheirlifestyle

38.BenjaminFriedmanbelievesthateconomicrecessionmay.

[A]imposeaheavierburdenonimmigrants

[B]bringoutmoreevilsofhumannature

[C]promotetheadvanceofrightsandfreedoms

[D]easeconflictsbetweenracesandclasses

39.TheresearchofTillVonWachtersuggeststhatintherecessiongraduatesfromeliteuniversitiestendto.

[A]lagbehindtheothersduetodecreasedopportunities

[B]catchupquicklywithexperiencedemployees

[C]seetheirlifechancesasdimmedastheothers

[D]recovermorequicklythantheothers

40.Theauthorthinksthattheinfluenceofhardtimesonsocietyis.

[A]certain

[B]positive

[C]trivial

[D]destructive

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbyfindinginformationfromtherightcolumnthatcorrespondstoeachofthemarkeddetailsgivenintheleftcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

"Universalhistory,thehistoryofwhatmanhasacplishedinthisworld,isatbottomtheHistoryoftheGreatMenwhohaveworkedhere,"wrotetheVictoriansageThomasCarlyle.Well,notanymoreitisnot.

Suddenly,Britainlookstohavefallenoutwithitsfavouritehistoricalform.Thiscouldbenomorethanapassingliterarycraze,butitalsopointstoabroadertruthabouthowwenowapproachthepast:lessconcernedwithlearningfromforefathersandmoreinterestedinfeelingtheirpain.Today,wewantempathy,notinspiration.

FromtheearliestdaysoftheRenaissance,thewritingofhistorymeantrecountingtheexemplarylivesofgreatmen.In1337,PetrarchbeganworkonhisramblingwritingDeVirisIllustribus-OnFamousMen,highlightingthevirtus(orvirtue)ofclassicalheroes.Petrarchcelebratedtheirgreatnessinconqueringfortuneandrisingtothetop.ThiswasthebiographicaltraditionwhichNiccoloMachiavelliturnedonitshead.InThePrince,thechampionedcunning,

ruthlessness,andboldness,ratherthanvirtue,mercyandjustice,astheskillsofsuccessful

leaders.

Overtime,theattributesofgreatnessshifted.TheRomanticsmemoratedtheleadingpaintersandauthorsoftheirday,stressingtheuniquenessoftheartist'spersonalexperienceratherthanpublicglory.Bycontrast,theVictorianauthorSamualSmileswroteSelf-Helpasacatalogueoftheworthylivesofengineers,industrialistsandexplores."Thevaluableexampleswhichtheyfurnishofthepowerofself-help,ifpatientpurpose,resoluteworkingandsteadfastintegrity,issuingintheformulationoftrulynobleandmanycharacter,exhibit,"wroteSmiles."whatitisinthepowerofeachtoacplishforhimself"HisbiographiesofJamesWalt,

RichardArkwrightandJosiahWedgwoodwereheldupasbeaconstoguidetheworkingmanthroughhisdifficultlife.

ThiswasallabitbourgeoisforThomasCarlyle,whofocusedhisbiographiesonthetrulyheroiclivesofMartinLuther,OliverCromwellandNapoleonBonaparte.Theseepochalfiguresrepresentedliveshardtoimitate,buttobeacknowledgedaspossessinghigherauthoritythanmeremortals.

CommunistManifesto.Forthem,historydidnothing,itpossessednoimmensewealthnorwagedbattles:"Itisman,real,livingmanwhodoesallthat."Andhistoryshouldbethestoryofthemassesandtheirrecordofstruggle.Assuch,itneededtoappreciatetheeconomicrealities,thesocialcontextsandpowerrelationsinwhicheachepochstood.For:"Menmaketheirownhistory,buttheydonotmakeitjustastheyplease,theydonotmakeitundercircumstanceschosenbythemselves,butundercircumstancesdirectlyfound,givenandtransmittedfromthepast."

Thiswasthetraditionwhichrevolutionizedourappreciationofthepast.InplaceofThomasCarlyle,BritainnurturedChristopherHill,EPThompsonandEricHobsbawm.Historyfrombelowstoodalongsidebiographiesofgreatmen.Wholenewrealmsofunderstanding-fromgendertoracetoculturalstudies-wereopenedupasscholarsunpickedthemultiplicityoflostsocieties.Andittransformedpublichistorytoo:downstairsbecamejustasfascinatingasupstairs.

[A]emphasizedthevirtueofclassicalheroes.41.Petrarch[B]highlightedthepublicgloryoftheleadingartists.42.NiccoloMachiavellli[C]focusedonepochalfigureswhoseliveswerehardtoimitate.43.SamuelSmiles[D]openedupnewrealmsofunderstandingthegreatmeninhistory.44.ThomasCarlyle[E]heldthathistoryshouldbethestoryofthemassesandtheirrecordofstruggle.45.MarxandEngels[F]dismissedvirtueasunnecessaryforsuccessfulleaders.[G]depictedtheworthylivesofengineerindustrialistsandexplorers.

SectionlllTranslation

46.Directions:

TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)

Whenpeopleindevelopingcountriesworryabou

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