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微生物有关论文范文例文,与生物文发表网站人教版,生物文发表网站高中相关论文查重软件

本论文是一篇微生物有关论文查重软件,关于生物文发表网站人教版,生物文发表网站高中相关毕业论文的格式范文。免费优秀的关于微生物及学术期刊及大学教育方面论文范文资料,适合微生物论文写作的大学硕士及本科毕业论文开题报告范文和学术职称论文参考文献下载。

0;树叶和斑叶一样,遭受矿蛾侵害的程度和频率要轻得多,少得多,其中出现在绿叶上的频率为8%,出现在斑叶上是1.6%,出现在用涂改液伪装的绿叶上为0.4%.

科学家们对这一结果表示相当惊讶,她们认为正是植物本身出于需要假装生病,并长出斑叶以模仿那些真已被矿蛾毛虫咬过的样子.这一招可以有效地阻止矿蛾在叶子上产卵或继续产卵,因为害虫会认为之前的幼虫早已吞掉了这些叶子的大部分营养.在植物株上绿叶与斑叶共存的事实说明,两者在它的演化的长期过程中都发挥了重要作用.斑叶上光合作用的缺失可能正好与其不易被害虫攻击相抵消,研究人员相信,斑叶能在野生植物环境中生存下来,表明它具备一定的选择有利性.(来源:新浪科技孝文)可下载全文

EvolutionaryEcology,Volume23,Number4/2016年7月10.1007/s10682-008-9248-2

Fig.1LeavesofCaladiumsteudneriifolium.(a)Plainleaf.(b)Plainleafwithinfestationofleaf-miningmothlarvae.(c)Variegatedleaf.(d)Plainleafpaintedwithwhitecorrectionfluidinapatternmimickingthenaturalvariegation

Fig.2Theminingmoth.(a)wholeanimal,(a,d)head,(c)legoffirstsegment(graduationmarksin(a)represent100°μm,barsrepresent200°μmin(b),50°μmin(a)and120°μmin(d))

Fig.3Distributionofmorphsalongalightgradient(givenaspercentagecover)inthefield

植物激素大全

20世纪上半叶发现的"经典"植物激素有茁长素,脱落酸,细胞分裂素,赤霉素和乙烯.后来,更多化合物被发现是激素,其中包括油菜素内酯,茉莉酮酸酯,水杨酸,一氧化氮和strigolactone.有关新老植物激素分子机制的研究进展迅速,AaronSantner和MarkEstelle在本期Nature上对此进行了综述.泛素/蛋白酶体系统的蛋白泛素化和降解被发现是大多数这些化合物的信号通道中的一个关键成分,联系各种激素控制系统的一个复杂调控网络的详细情况正在开始出现.在本期的其他相关文章中,研究人员报告了茁长素活性的一个以前人们未曾怀疑到的调控模式——该模式的调控是在细胞内,而不是在细胞间.

6月25日《自然》杂志精选

Nature459,1071-1078(25June2016)|doi:10.1038/nature08122

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Table1.Planthormonereceptors.

HormoneReceptortypeReceptorsReferencesAuxinF-boxproteinTIR1,AFBs9–11AbscisicacidG-protein,ChelataseGTG1,GTG2,GCR2*,CHLH*16,55,58CytokininTwo-ponentregulatorsCRE1,AHK2,AHK3Reviewedinref.17GibberellinsHormone-sensitivelipaselikeGID112EthyleneTwo-ponentregulatorsETR1,ERS1,ETR2,EIN4,ERS2Reviewedinref.17BrassinosteroidsLeucine-richrepeatreceptor-likekinasesBRI

微生物有关论文范文例文1Reviewedinref.17JasmonicacidF-boxproteinCOI113–15SalicylicacidUnknownNitricoxideUnknownStrigolactonesUnknown

FIGURE1.Sitesofplanthormoneperception.

BRI1isamembrane-associatedreceptorthatcyclesbetweentheplasmamembraneandendosomalpartments.Theextracellularleucine-richrepeatdomainbindsbrassinosteroidsandtransducesthesignalthroughanintracellularkinasedomain.GTG1andGTG2areGPCR-typeGproteinsthatbindabscisicacid.TheyhaveinherentGTPaseactivitybutalsointeractwiththeonlycanonicalGsubunitinArabidopsis.PYR1/RCAR1isasolubleABAreceptorthatrepressesPP2CphosphatasesinthepresenceofABA.ThecytokininreceptorsCRE1,AHK2andAHK3areplasma-membrane-associatedandperceivecytokininthroughtheirextracellulardomains.Cytokininbindingtriggersaphosphorylationcascadethatisultimatelytransmittedtoresponseregulatorsinthenucleus.Likethecytokininreceptors,theknownethylenereceptorsaretwo-ponentregulators.AllfivereceptorsareactiveintheendoplasmicreticulumandtransmittheirsignalthroughamondownstreamponentcalledCTR1.TIR1andCOI1areF-boxproteinsthatareintegralponentsofSCF-typeE3ligasesandrecognizetheplanthormonesauxinandjasmonicacidrespectively.GID1isanuclear-localizedreceptorforgibberellins.GibberellinbindingtoGID1resultsintheenhanceddegradationofDELLAproteins.

FIGURE2.SCFsarerequiredforauxin,jasmonateandgibberellinsignalling.

a,TheTIR1/AFBfamilyofF-boxproteinsareauxinreceptors.TIR1isaponentoftheSCFplexthatalsoconsistsofASK,CULandRBX.AuxinbindingstabilizestheTIR1-AUX/IAAplex,resultingindegradationoftheAUX/IAAs,whichinturnreleasesTPLandpermitsARF-dependenttranscription.b,BindingofJA-IletoCOI1promotesJAZbindingandubiquitination.Thisresultsinde-repressionofMYC2-dependenttranscriptionofjasmonate-responsivegenes.c,GibberellinbindingtotheGID1receptorpromotesGID1–DELLAplexformation.GID1–DELLAbindingpromotestheinteractionbetweentheCterminusoftheDELLAproteinandSCFSLY1/GID2.DegradationoftheDELLAspromotesthereleaseofPIFs,thuspermittingDNA-bindinggibberellinresponses.Ineachpanel,thehormonereceptoriscolouredred,thesubstrateproteinislightblue,symbolsrepresentinghormonesareyellowandponentsoftheubiquitingproteasomepathwayareingrey.Blackcirclesrepresentubiquitin.

FIGURE3.E3ligasesinethyleneandabscisic-acidsignalling.

a,TwokeyproteinsintheethylenesignallingpathwayareregulatedbySCF-typeE3ligases.Intheabsenceofethylene,EIN2levelsarekeptlowbySCFETP1andSCFETP2.Asethylenelevelsincrease,ETP1/2expressionisreducedandEIN2levelsincrease.Conitantly,EIN3levelsalsoincrease,inpartduetotheeffectsofEIN2onSCFEBF1/2-mediateddegradationofEIN3.b,ABI3andABI5levelsarecontrolledbytheRINGE3ligasesAIP2andKEG,respectively.AbscisicacidpromotestheubiquitinationofABI3andinhibitstheubiquitinationofABI5topromoteabscisic-acidresponses.Blackcirclesdenoteubiquitin.

FIGURE4.Hormoneintegration.

Auxinandethylenemaintainanimportantbala

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