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e.(不可数名词,如物质名词和抽象名词前)

(比较:Thesnowonthegroundisthick.特指)

Whatdoyouhaveforbreakfast(一日三餐前)

Weplayfootballafterschooleveryday.(球类运动前)

WhatcanIdoforyou,madam(称呼,头衔或职务前)

某些不用冠词的固定词组,如:bytrain/motorcycle,atnight,afterclass,athome,introuble,gotochurch等.

(五)形容词和副词(AdjectiveandAdverb)

1.形容词的用法和位置(UsageandPositionofAdjective)

如:Computersareveryusefulinourlife.(表语)

Thisisanunhealthydiet.(定语)

Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.(定语,后置)

Treeskeepairfresh.(宾语补足语)

2.副词的用法和位置(UsageandPositionofAdverb)

如:Spaceplanesareveryfast.(状语,修饰形容词)

Wegotupearlyenoughtocatchthefirstbus.(状语,修饰副词,后置)

Itrainedheavilylastnight.(状语,修饰动词)

Weoftengoswimminginsummer.(状语,修饰动词)

IhaveneverbeentotheBotanicalGardens.(状语,修饰动词)

Pleasestayinsideuntilthetyphoonleaves.(状语,修饰动词)

Hewastoodisappointedtosayaword.(状语,修饰形容词)

Luckily,hestillgotthefirstprize.(状语,修饰整个句子,前置)

3.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成(FormationofComparativeandSuperlativeDegreesofAdjectiveandAdverb)

如:softsoftersoftest

largelargerlargest

thinthinnerthinnest

healthyhealthierhealthiest

slowlymoreslowlymostslowly

expensivemoreexpensivemostexpensive

******

good/wellbetterbest

many/muchmoremost

bad/badlyworseworst

illworseworst

littlelessleast

farfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest

4.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法(UsageofComparativeandSuperlativeDegreesofAdjectiveandAdverb)

如:E-mailisquickerandcheaperthanregularmail.

Whoworksharder,BenorKitty

Theairpollutioninthatcityismuchmoreseriousthanitusedtobe.

Mr.LingislesshealthythanMissChen.

Whichisthebiggest,thesun,theearthorthemoon

Kallydances(the)mostbeautifullyofthethree.

Africaisthesecondlargestcontinentintheworld.

Edisonwasoneofthegreatestinventorsintheworld.

Thesteaktastesasdeliciousasthechop.

Hecansingaswellashissister.

Hedoesn'twriteso/ascarefullyashisbrother.

Thedaysaregettinglongerandlonger.

Youshouldsendhimtothehospital,thesoonerthebetter.

Tomistallerthananyotherstudentintheclass.

(六)介词(Preposition)

1.掌握常用介词的各种不同用法

介词用法举例at时间atsix(o'clock)/night/themoment地点athome/thesupermarket对象laughat其它用法atonce,atpresenton时间onMay4th/Monday/Sundaymorning地点onthewall/theground/thethirdfloor/theshelf其它用法onone'swayto,onfootin时间intheafternoon/themorning/theevening/May/winter/1978地点intheroom/thestreet/thehousingestate其它用法inred,inaddition,intimewith方式dosth.withsb其它用法withone'sowneyes,aplanewithanengine,somethingwrongwithby时间by1990地点bytheriver方式byferry,byairmail,bydoing等强调byoneself被/由等做bedonebysb.其它用法bythewayfor时间formanyyears对象aletterforsb.其它用法forexample,aticketforSunday'seveningshow,forthetimebeing,forthefirsttimefrom时间或地点From等to距离farfrom其它用法be/efromto方向gotothelibrary对象givesth.tosb.其它用法toone'sjoy

2.还要掌握一些其它介词的用法

如:about,across,after,against,along,among,(a)round,before,behind,below,beside,between,during,except,into,like,near,of,over,opposite,since,through,under,without等以及becauseof,infrontof,outof等.

(七)连词(Conjunction)

1.并列连词(CompoundConjunction)

连接彼此并列的词,短语或句子

and,or,but,so,notonly等butalso,both等and,neither等nor,either等or等.

如:Thewaterinthekettleisboilingandwecanseesteamingoutofit.

Isheanengineeroranarchitect

Hurryup,oryouwillbelate.

Englishisdifficult,butit'sinteresting.

PeoplenotonlyplayputergamesontheInterbutalsodoonlineshopping.

Neitherthecolournorthesizefitsme.

Youcanaskmequestionseitherinclassorafterclass.

2.从属连词(SubordinateConjunction)

引导从句,如宾语从句,状语从句

that,if,whether,who,whose,what,which,where,than,when,while,as,since,though,although,because,before,after,until,assoonas,nowthat,so等that,sothat,as等as,(not)so/as等as等.

如:Ifitdoesn'trainnextSunday,we'llhaveabarbecue.(引导状语从句)

TheforeigneraskedusifwehadbeentotheTowerofPisa.(引导宾语从句)

SincethisisyourfirstvisittoBritain,you'dbetterlearnsomethingaboutBritishculture.(引导状语从句)

(八)动词(Verb)

1.动词的种类(Classification)

1)行为动词

如:Hefailedintheexam.

Doeshehaveatestonceaweek

Wepromisenevertopollutetheenvironment.

2)连系动词be,bee,get,turn,look,feel,sound,smell,taste,seem

如:Iaminchargeofsportsinmyclass.

Hebecameaprofessorin1980.