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题目OnMetaphor
论隐喻
学生姓名
学号
专业班级
指导教师
完成时间2016年5月
ONMETAPHOR
THESIS
Submittedinpartialfulfillmentoftherequirementsfor
ThedegreeofBachelorofArts
InHunanUniversityofArtsandScience
ByLiuBo
Supervisor:LiBin
May2016
HunanUniversityofArtsandScience
摘 要
隐喻研究归根到底是隐喻机制的研究,它是隐喻研究的核心.两千多年来,隐喻一直被仅仅看作一种修辞手段,一种语言的陪衬,被看作是两种不同事物事先存在的相似性的比较或一个词对另一词的替代,进而形成对隐喻阐述的比较论和替代论.现代学者通过大量研究表明,隐喻不仅仅是一种修辞手段,更重要的是,它是人类的主要认知方式.隐喻这一认知方式,给人们一种新的视角,创造一种相似.因此,现代学者着重于阐述相似是如何被创造出来的.在众多的隐喻理论中,影响较大的有布莱克和莱科夫的隐喻理论.
(大约200字左右)
关 键 词:隐喻,搭配,术语
(中文摘 要的内容和关 键 词应与英文摘 要相对应,关 键 词3-5个,词与词之间用分号分开)
Abstract
Themechanismofmetaphorisactuallythenucleusofthestudyofmetaphor.Formorethantwothousandyears,metaphorwasviewedasadeviceofrhetoric,anattachmenttolanguage.Inaccordancewiththisperspective,metaphorwasaparisonbetweentwothingsthatdonotbelongtothesamecategoryorwasregardedasonewordusedtosubstituteanotherbecausetherewerepreexistingsimilaritiesbetweenthem.Asaresultofthisperspective,twotheoriestookshape:onewastheComparisonTheory,theotherwastheTheoryofSubstitution.Butmodernscholarsdiscardtheperspective,holdingthatmetaphorisnotonlyadeviceofrhetoric,tobemoreimportant,itisaleadingwayforhumanbeingstoknowthisworld,awayofthinking.
Keywords:metaphor,collocation,terms
(注意:关 键 词3-5个,词与词之间
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Contents
摘 要等等等等等等等等等等等等.i
Abstract等等等等等等等等等.等等.等等..ii
Introduction等等等等等等等...等等..1
ChapterAHistoricalRetrospectionofMetaphor等等...等等...2
1.1AristotelianSchool:Metaphor—ADeviceofRhetoric等..等等.2
1.2ThePlatonicSchool—LanguageisMetaphorical等.等等等.5
等等.
Chapter4TheMechanismofMetaphor等.等等等...15
4.1Black'sInteractionTheory等等等等等....................15
4.1.1IntroductiontotheInteractionTheory等等等等...15
4.1.2SomeDefectsoftheInteractionTheory等等等等16
4.2LakoffianConceptualMetaphorTheory等等等等等...19
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Conclusion等等等等.等等等等等等等42
Bibliography等等等等等等等..等等等等等45
Acknowledgements
(注:正文不少于2章,多于5章,目录页须自动生成,最好控制到三级标题,所有小1级,2级,3级,4级标题实词首字母大写,所有标题须用名词结构,或至少结构一致,目录中标题和文中标题一致,目论页码和正文页码一致)
Introduction
Thestudyofmetaphorhaslongbeenwithusandthefocusofthestudyisthemechanismofmetaphor.Itisthemostsignificantandindispensablepartofthestudy.Formorethantwothousandyears,thestudyiscarriedonmainlyfromtheperspectiveofrhetoric,viewingmetaphorasadeviceofrhetoric,anembellishmentoflanguage.TherepresentativeofthetheoriesinthislongperiodisAristotle'sComparisonTheoryandQuintilian'sTheoryofSubstitution.Becausemetaphorisnotonlyarhetoricalphenomenon,butalsooneofcognition,theinterpretation等.itismoreismofmetaphorthantheothertwo.(以下省略,Introduction部分字数至少需要1个page)
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该文出处:http://www.sxsky.net/xie/070478642.html
等等等等等等等等等等等等等等等等等等等等等等等等等等等等
Chapter1
AHistoricalRetrospectionofMetaphor
1.1AristotelianSchool:Metaphor--ADeviceofRhetoric
AndrewOrtony(1979:3),oneofthemostinfluentialwritersonmetaphor,haspointedout,andtherearefewwhowoulddisagreewithhim,thatitisstillthecasethat"AnyseriousstudyofmetaphorisalmostobligedtostartwiththeworksofAristotle".
InPoetics,Aristotle(350B.C.:71)expoundstheessence,functionandthewayofexplanationofmetaphorasthreenuclei.Hedefinesmetaphoras"theapplicationofanaliennamebytransferenceeitherfromgenustospecies,orfromspeciestogenus,orfromspeciestospecies,orbyanalogy,thatis,proportion".Thenhegivesfourkindsofmetaphor:
Since'lyingatanchor'isaspeciesofthegenus'lying',onecansay'thereliesmyship'(genus-to-speciesmetaphor),since'tenthousand'isaspeciesofa'largenumber',onecansayverilytenthousandnobledeedshathOdysseuswrought(species-to-genusmetaphor).Since'todrawaway'and'tocleave'areeachaspeciesofthegenus'takingaway',onecansaywithbladeofbronzedrewawaythelife(species-to-speciesmetaphor).Andsinceoldageistolifeaseveningtotheday,onecansaythatoldageistheeveningoflife(ibid.).(此符号ibid.意为同上,引文出处与上相同.)
Allmetaphors,Aristotlebelieves,fallintoatleastoneofthesefourcategories,althoughanalogy等topoetry(ibid.72).Thisperspectiveleadstothelatertheoristsmakingdistinctionbetweenpoeticlanguageandeverydaylanguage.EspeciallyinChapter21and22ofPoetics,Aristotlestatesthateveryword"iseithercurrent,orstrange,ormetaphor,orornamental,ornewlycoined,orlengthened,orcontracted,oraltered"(ibid.70).ItisobviousthatAristotleclassifiesmetaphorsaslyingoutsidenormallanguageuse.Theyaredeviantoraberrantformsofdiscourse.Healsoholdsthatmetaphorhasnocognitivevalueandismerelyanembellishmentoflanguage(
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