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oduceenergy,itneedsoxygen.Ajetengine,likethoseonpassengerairplanes,getsoxygenfromtheair.Arocketenginetypicallygoesfasterbuthastocarryitsownsupplyofoxygen.Ascramjetenginegoesasfastasarocket,butitdoesn'thavetocarryitsownoxygensupply.

Ascramjet'sspecialdesignallowsittoobtainoxygenfromtheairthatflowsthroughtheengine.Anditdoessowithoutlettingthefast-movingairputoutthebustionflames.However,ascramjetengineworksproperlyonlyatspeedsgreaterthanfivetimesthespeedofsound.

AboosterrocketcarriedtheHyper-Xtoanaltitudeofabout100,000feetforitstestflight.Theaircraft'srecord-beatingflightlastedjust11seconds.Althoughthelittleplane'sself-poweredflightlastedonly11seconds,thatbriefjourneyonMarch27makesamajormilestoneonthewaytoanewbreedofveryfastairplanes,mentsWernerJ.A.DahmoftheUniversityofMichiganinAnnArbor4.Inthefuture,engineerspredict,airplanesequippedwithscramjetenginescouldtransportcargoquicklyandcheaplytothebrinkofspace.Suchhypersonicjetscouldpotentiallycarrypassengersanywhereintheworldinjustafewhours.

OutofthethreeexperimentalHyper-XaircraftsbuiltforNASA5,onlyoneisnowleft.Theagencyhasplansforanother11-secondhypersonicflight,thistimeat10timesthespeedofthesound.

词汇:

hypersonic/(ha(p((s(n(k/adj.超音速的booster/(bu:st(/n.助推器equator/(((we(t((r)/n.赤道milestone/(ma(lst((n/n.里程碑unmanned/((n(m(nd/adj.无人的boosterrocket助推火箭scramjet/(skr(md(et/n.超音速燃烧冲压式,cargo/(k(:(((/n.货物喷气发动机brink/br((k/n.边缘bustion/k(m(b(st((n/n.燃烧

注释:

Hyper:构词词素,意思是:超,极度的,例如:hypersonic(超音速),hypertext(超文本),hyperactive(极度活跃).

2.Hyper-X:美国国家航空和宇宙航行局进行了多年的超音速飞机研究项目(HyperXProgram)中的一架实验飞机.

3.scramjet:该词由三个词素缩略而成:s(upersonic超音速),c(ombustion:燃烧)和ramjet(喷气引擎),即,一种喷气式飞机发动机,设计用于极超音速飞行,燃料在飞机产生的极超音速气流中燃烧.

AnnArbor:美国密歇根州(Michigan)的一个城市,华盛顿郡郡政府所在地,因密歇根大学而闻名.

NASA:是NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration的缩写,中文译名是:(美国)国家航空和宇宙航行局.

练习:

1.TheHyperXbroketherecordbecause

A)Itwasthefirstair-breathingjetplane.

B)Itflewalongtheequator.

C)Itflewatspeedssmallerthanfivetimesthespeedofsound.

D)Ittraveledatasupersonicspeed.

2.WhatkindofanenginedidtheHyperXuse

A)Ajetenginethatgetsoxygenfromtheair.

B)Ascramjetenginethatdoesn'tcarryitsownoxygensupply.

C)Arocketenginethatcarriesitsownsupplyofoxygen.

D)Ajetenginethatusesnooxygen.

3.WhatisNOTtrueaboutthescramjetengine

A)Itgoesslowerthanarocket.

B)Itextractsoxygenfromtheairthatflowsthroughtheengine.

C)Itworksonlyatspeedsgreaterthanfivetimesthespeedofsound.

D)Itdoesn'tcarryitsownoxygensupply.

4.WhatdidWernerJ.A.DahmoftheUniversityofMichigansayabouttheHyperXtestflight

A)Itindicatedthebirthofaveryfastairplane.

B)Itwasself-powered,soitlastedonly11seconds.

C)Itcantransportcargoquicklyandcheaplytothebrinkofspace

D)Itisamajormilestoneinthejourneyofmakinganewtypeofveryfastairplanes

5.WhathasNASAplannedtodo

A)Tomakeanother11-secondhypersonicflightat10timesthespeedofthesound.

B)TomakethreemoreHyperXexperiments.

C)Toretesttheaircraftthatisleft.

D)Tomaketheaircraftflyhigherandlonger.

答案与题解:

1.CHyperX之所以打破记录是因为它的飞行速度是音速的7倍.它不是第一架空气喷气式飞机,也不是第一架超音速飞机,所以A和D都不对.HyperX的试飞并未绕赤道飞行,所以B也是错误的选择.

2.B第四段讲了三种发动机的氧气来源:喷气式发动机是从空气中汲取氧气,火箭发动机必须自携氧气,而超音速冲压喷气发动机则不必自携氧气,而这正是HyperX使用的发动机装置.

3.A根据第五段内容,B,C,D都是正确的说法.第四段最后一句告诉我们,A的说法是不正确的.

4.D文章的第六段中,密歇根大学的研究人员WernerJ.A.Dahm说,HyperX的试飞成功只是研制一种新式快速飞机过程中的一个里程碑(amajormilestoneonthewaytoanewbreedofveryfastairplanes),而不是新型飞机的诞生.所以,D是正确选择,A是错误选择.B也不是WernerJ.A.Dahm想要表达的意思,C是其它工程师而不是WernerJ.A.Dahm说的话.

5.A答案可在最后一段找到.

8..ExploreroftheExtremeDeep(C级)

(替换2007年用书理工类阅读理解第二十篇:Hacking)

Oceanscovermorethantwo-thirdsofourpla.Yet,justasmallfractionoftheunderwaterworldhasbeenexplored.Now,ScientistsattheWoodsHole1OceanographicInstitution(WHOI)inMassachusettsarebuildinganunderwatervehiclethatwillcarryexplorersasdeepas6,500meters(21,320feet).Thenewmachine,knownasamannedsubmersibleorhuman-operatedvehicle(HOV),willreplaceanotheronenamedAlvin2whichhasanamazingrecordofdiscovery,playingakeyroleinvariousimportantandfamousunderseaexpeditions.Alvinhasbeenoperatingfor40yearsbutcangodownonly4,500meters(14,784feet).It'sabouttimeforanupgrade,WHOIresearcherssay.

Alvinwaslaunchedin1964.Sincethen,Alvinhasworkedbetween200and250daysayear,saysDanielFornari,amarinegeologistanddirectoroftheDeepOceanExplorationInstituteatWHOI.Duringitslifetime,Alvinhascarriedsome12,000peopleonatotalofmorethan3,000dives.

Anewer,betterversionsofAlvinisboundtorevealevenmoresurprisesaboutaworldthatisstillfullofmysteries,Fornarisays.Itmightalsomakethejobofexplorationalittleeasier."Wetakesomuchforgrantedonland

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