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环境科学有关论文范例,与学周刊发表文2016年,学周刊发表文资料相关论文摘要怎么写

本论文是一篇环境科学有关论文摘要怎么写,关于学周刊发表文2016年,学周刊发表文资料相关函授毕业论文范文。免费优秀的关于环境科学及图书馆及大气科学方面论文范文资料,适合环境科学论文写作的大学硕士及本科毕业论文开题报告范文和学术职称论文参考文献下载。

therfactors.Animportantnextstepwillbetoincludeglacial-ageboundaryconditionforcinginlong,transientpaleoclimatesimulations,alongwithorbitalforcing.

(ClimateDynamics30(6)馆藏纸本,电子版地址china.springerlink./content/k20674387p8730ll/p等于27a9c160b6cf43ba9f79c6de19ad4ca2&,pi等于1)otentialFutureChangesintheCharacteristicsofDailyPrecipitationinEuropeSimulatedbytheHIRHAMRegionalClimateModel

用HIRHAM区域气候模式模拟欧洲日降水特性可能的未来变化

WilhelmMay

InthisstudythepotentialfuturechangesinvariousaspectsofdailyprecipitationeventsoverEuropeasaconsequenceoftheanticipatedfutureincreaseintheatmosphericgreenhousegasconcentrationsareinvestigated.Thisisdonebyparingtwo3-memberensemblesofsimulationswiththeHIRHAMregionalclimatemodelfortheperiod1961–1990and2071–2100,respectively.Dailyprecipitationeventsarecharacterizedbytheirfrequencyandintensity,andheavyprecipitationeventsaredescribedvia30-yearreturnlevelsofdailyprecipitation.Further,extendedperiodswithandwithoutrainfall(wetanddryspells)arestudied,consideringtheirfrequencyandlengthaswellastheaverageandextremeamountsofprecipitationaccumulatedduringwetspells,thelatteragaindescribedvia30-yearreturnlevels.ThesimulationsshowmarkedchangesinthecharacteristicsofdailyprecipitationinEuropeduetotheanticipatedgreenhousewarming.Inwinter,forinstance,thefrequencyofwetdaysisenhancedovermostoftheEuropeancontinentexceptfortheregionontheNorwegianwestcoastandtheMediterraneanregion.Thechangesintheintensityandthe30-yearreturnlevelofdailyprecipitationarecharacterizedbyasimilarpatternexceptforcentralEuropewithatendencyofdecreased30-yearreturnlevelsandincreasedprecipitationintensity.Insummer,ontheotherhand,thefrequencyofwetdaysisdecreasedovermostofEuropeexceptfornorthernScandinaviaandtheBalticSearegion.Incontrast,theprecipitationintensityandthe30-yearreturnlevelofdailyprecipitationareincreasedoverentireScandinavia,centralandeasternEurope.Thechangesinthe30-yearreturnlevelofdailyprecipitationaregenerallystrongerthanthecorrespondingchangesintheprecipitationintensitybutcanhaveoppositesignsinsomeregions.Alsothedistributionofwetdaysischangedinthefuture.Duringsummer,forinstance,boththefrequencyandthelengthofdryspellsaresubstantiallyincreasedovermostoftheEuropeancontinentexceptfortheIberianPeninsula.Thefrequencyandthelengthofwetspells,ontheotherhand,aregenerallyreducedduringsummerandincreasedduringwinter,again,withtheexceptionoftheIberianPeninsula.Thefuturechangesinthefrequencyofwetdaysinwinterarerelatedtoachangeinthelarge-scaleflowovertheNorthAtlanticandacorrespondingshiftoftheNorthAtlanticstormtrack.Thereductioninthefrequencyofwetdaysinsummerisrelatedtoanorthwardextensionofthedrysubtropicalregioninthefuture,withareductionoftheconvectiveactivitybecauseofthelarge-scalesinkingmotioninthedownwardbranchoftheHadleycell.Becausetheatmospherecontainsmoremoistureinthewarmerfutureclimate,theamountofprecipitationassociatedwithindividuallow-pressuresystemsorwithindividualconvectiveeventsisincreased,leadingtoageneralincreaseintheintensityofindividualprecipitationevents.Onlyinregions,whereallthemoistureevaporatesfromthegroundalreadyinspring,theintensityofprecipitationeventsisreducedinsummer.

(ClimateDynamics30(6)馆藏纸本,电子版地址china.springerlink./content/k655j27432v68q2p/p等于dce1999a435c43bea8525c0640b3f4bb&,pi等于2)TheInfluenceofSeaSurfaceTemperatureAnomaliesonLow-FrequencyVariabilityoftheNorthAtlanticOscillation

海面温度异常对北大西洋振荡低频变化的影响

JuliaV.Manganello

Theinfluenceofseasurfacetemperatureanomalies(SSTA)onmulti-yearpersistenceoftheNorthAtlanticOscillation(NAO)duringthesecondhalfofthetwentiethcenturyisinvestigatedusingtheCenterforOcean-Land-AtmosphereStudies(COLA)AtmosphericGCM(AGCM)withanemphasisonisolatingthegeographiclocationoftheSSTAthatproducethisinfluence.ThepresentstudyfocusesoncalculatingtheatmosphericresponsetotheSSTAaveragedover1988–1995(1961–1968)correspondingtotheobservedperiodofstrongpersistenceofthepositive(negative)phaseofthedecadalNAO.Themodelresponsetotheglobal1988–1995averageSSTAshowsastatisticallysignificantlarge-scalepatterncharacteristicofthepositivephaseoftheNAO.Forcingwiththeglobal1961–1968averageSSTAgeneratesaNAOoftheoppositepolarityparedtoobservations.However,alllarge-scalefeaturesbothinthemodelandobservationsduringthisperiodareweakerinmagnitudeandlesssignificantparedto1988–1995.AdditionalidealizedexperimentsshowthatoverthenortherncenteroftheNAOthenon-linearponentoftheforcedresponseappearstobequiteimportantandactstoenhancethepositiveNAOsignal.Ontheotherhand,overthesoutherncenterwherethemodelresponseisthestrongest,itisalsoessentiallylinear.The1988–1995averageSSTArestrictedtothewesterntropicalPacificregionproduceapositiveNAOremarkablysimilarinstructurebutstrongerinmagnitudethanthemodelresponsetotheglobalandtropicalIndo-Pacific1988–199

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