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ve,theprominentsubjectthenon-subject,oftenisthesubjectwithstatesthetopicpoundadvancement,thusmulti-shortphrases,simplesentences(withoutclauses),Thesubjectcustomperson,usessendsoutthemovementonowninitiativeorhasthingofthelifetofillapositionthesubject,thusthemulti-verbs,favortheverb.Englishoftenusescannotsendoutthemovementorthelifelessthingwordsandexpressionsonowninitiativemakesthesubject,passivesentence,longverse,poundsentence,Asentencebeesthestraightlinedevelopmenttakeaverbasthecenter,thusthemulti-nouns,favorthenoun,multipurposefunctionwordsandsoonpreposition,conjunction.E.g.S9a:托马斯·杰弗逊对美国的教育事业做出了巨大的贡献.
S9b:AmericaneducationwasagreatdebttoThomasJefferson.
S10a:AcademicallythefactthatinsectscouldbesterilizedbyexposuretoX-rayhadbeenknownsince1916,whenanentomologistbythenameofG.A.Runnerreportedsuchsterilizationofcigarettesbeetles.
S10b:1916年,一位名叫G.A.朗纳的昆虫学家报告说,可以通过X光照射使烟草甲虫不育,从那时起,人们就已经从理论上知道可以这样使昆虫失去生育能力.
S11a.Anotherideasuddenlystruckme.
S11b:我突然想到另一个主意.
S12a.Thesecondworldwarbroughthimrapidbattlepromotion.
S12b:他在二战中屡建战功,晋升很快.
TheaboveEnglishsentences,withtheabstractsubjects,soundquitenaturaltoEnglishreaders,butwouldsoundquiteawkwardtotheChinesereadersifliterallytransferredintoChinese.TheChinesetranslation,ontheotherhand,beginswiththepersonalsubjectandsoundsquitesmoothandprehensibletotheChinesereaders.
3.1.4TortuousThinkingvs.StraightThinking
IntheWesternphilosophy,ithasbeenalastingconventiontopursuealternatecontrastinitsreasoning,thusestablishingastraightforwardthinkingmode.ButtheChinese,ontheotherhand,havebeenmoreaccustomedtotheharmonyandunityoftheworld,esp.thatbetweenthenatureandthehumans,andaremorelikelytoadoptbothsidesofamatter,thusestablishingatortuousthinkingmode.Asreflectedintheirspeech,theEnglishtendtosticktothepointattheverybeginningofthespeech,offeringastraightandfrankthemeofthespeechbeforeproceedingontopresenttherelevantdetailsandacpanyingsituations.Thatmaywellaccountforthesyntacticfeaturesofapactheadandalongandheavyendingwiththeemphasisatthefrontpartofthesentences.AndtheChinesesentences,duetothespeakers'thinkingmodes,willpresenttherelativeinformationingreatdetailbeforehittinguponthetheme,areaboundinexpressionswithalongheadwithashortending.e.g.
S13a:
关于开题报告类论文范文参考文献
S13b:昨天晚上7点半在剧院门口,我遇到了我多年未见的中学同学.
Inconsequenceofsuchthinkingmodes,theChinesewouldanizetheirspeechinlogicorderbytellingthecausesbeforedescribingtheconsequences,andofferingsomeprepositionsbeforethedeductivereasoning,anddescribingthefactsbeforeofferingthespeaker'sattitude.Andeveninthespaciousorsequentialorder,theytendtolistfromthemoregeneraltothemorespecific.Asforthesequenceofimportanceorsignificance,it'snotdifficulttoseewhytheywouldbeginwiththemostimportantorsignificantandthenmoveontothelessimportantorlesssignificant.TheEnglishspeakers,withtheassistanceofconjunctionsandprepositions,canbemoreflexiblethantheChineseinthisaspect.
S14a:Hedidn'tebecausehewasill
S14b:他因为下雨而没来.
S15a.Andthereareotherswhosaytheirsuspicionswerearousedovertime,asthe55-year-oldMr.Williams,whoappearedonweekendsturnedoutinfinesuits,broughtuppropertybyproperty.
S15b:也有人说他们的怀疑与日俱增,因为55岁的威廉姆斯先生总是西装革履地在周末出现,买下一笔又一笔地产.
S15c:55岁的威廉姆斯先生总是西装革履地在周末出现,买下一笔又一笔地产,因此,也有人说他们越来越怀疑了.()
tothefurtherworldaroundhim.Thisisavividreflectionoftheirpracticallivingstyles.AsZhaoWeijun(xxx,xx)putsit,50%oftheChinesesentencesorspeechesfollowtheorderofknowntounknown.E.g..
S16a:Whatonearthdoyoumeanbytalkingabouttheseatthatmomentwhenwewereallinhighspirits
S16b:当大家兴高采烈时,你却谈论这些问题,到底什么意思
S17a.Ithinkasuccessfuloldageiseasiestforthosewhohavegreatimpersonalinterestsinvolvingappropriateactivities.
S17b:我认为,如果老年人对于个人以外的事情怀有强烈的兴趣,并参加适当的活动,他们的晚年是最容易过的好的.(YangSheying,etel,2016,70)
IntheEnglishversioninS16aandS17a,theEnglishspeakerfocusesontheleadingconcept(orthespeaker'sconcern)attheverybeginningofthesentencesbeforepresentingthereadyinformation.YettheChineseversioninS16bandS17b,theChinesespeakerbeginswiththereadyinformation("大家兴高采烈"inS16band"老年人对个人以外的事情怀有强烈的兴趣,并参加适当的活动"inS17b)beforetouchingthosedistantinformation.
3.1.5FuzzyThinkingvs.AccurateThinking
Fuzzythinkingismoreemphaticofthegeneralimpressionorthegeneralprincipleofreflectionandisnotsomuchconcernedwiththespecificdetailsoftheobjectsortherelativeinformation.That'smoretypicaloftheChinesethanoftheWesterners,esp.theEnglish.TheChinesehaslongbeeninfluencedbysuchafuzzyphilosophy.Evenintheremoteclassic"LaoZi",dao(principle)hasbeenassumed
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