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.Today,becauseofcannyadvertisingandpublichealthcampaigns,manyAmericanshabituallygivetheirpearlywhitesacavity-preventingscrubtwiceaday,oftenwithColgate,Crestoroneoftheotherbrands.

Afewdecadesago,manypeopledidn'tdrinkwateroutsideofameal.Thenbeveragepaniesstartedbottlingtheproductionoffar-offsprings,andnowofficeworkersunthinkinglysipbottledwateralldaylong.Chewinggum,onceboughtprimarilybyadolescentboys,isnowfeaturedinmercialsasabreathfreshenerandteethcleanserforuseafterameal.Skinmoisturizersareadvertisedaspartofmorningbeautyrituals,slippedinbetweenhairbrushingandputtingonmakeup.

"Ourproductssucceedwhentheybeepartofdailyorweeklypatterns,"saidCarolBerning,aconsumerpsychologistwhorecentlyretiredfromProcter&,Gamble,thepanythatsold$76billionofTide,Crestandotherproductslastyear."Creatingpositivehabitsisahugepartofimprovingourconsumers'lives,andit'sessentialtomakingnewproductsmerciallyviable."

Throughexperimentsandobservation,socialscientistslikeDr.Berninghavelearnedthatthereispowerintyingcertainbehaviorstohabitualcuesthroughrelentlessadvertising.Asthisnewscienceofhabithasemerged,controversieshaveeruptedwhenthetacticshavebeenusedtosellquestionablebeautycreamsorunhealthyfoods.

31.AccordingtoDr.Curtis,habitslikehandwashingwithsoap________.

[A]shouldbefurthercultivated

[B]shouldbechangedgradually

[C]aredeepiyrootedinhistory

[D]arebasicallyprivateconcerns(编辑:)

32.Bottledwater,chewinggunandskinmoisturizersarementionedinParagraph5soasto____

[A]revealtheirimpactonpeople'habits

[B]showtheurgentneedofdailynecessities

[C]indicatetheireffectonpeople'buyingpower

[D]manifestthesignificantroleofgoodhabits

33.whichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtoproductsthathelpcreatepeople'shabits

[A]Tide

[B]Crest

[C]Colgate

[D]Unilver

34.Fromthetextwekonwthatsomeofconsumer'shabitsaredevelopeddueto_____

[A]perfectedartofproducts

[B]automaticbehaviorcreation

[C]mercialpromotions

[D]scientificexperiments

35.theauthor'sattitudetowardtheinfluenceofadvertisementonpeople'shabitsis____

[A]indifferent

[B]negative

[C]positive

[D]biased

Text4

ManyAmericansregardthejurysystemasaconcreteexpressionofcrucialdemocraticvalues,includingtheprinciplesthatallcitizenswhomeetminimalqualificationsofageandliteracyareequallypetenttoserveonjuries,thatjurorsshouldbeselectedrandomlyfromarepresentativecrosssectionofthemunity,thatnocitizenshouldbedeniedtherighttoserveonajuryonaccountofrace,religion,sex,ornationalorigin,thatdefendantsareentitledtotrialbytheirpeers,andthatverdictsshouldrepresenttheconscienceofthemunityandnotjusttheletterofthelaw.Thejuryisalsosaidtobethebestsurvivingexampleofdirectratherthanrepresentativedemocracy.Inadirectdemocracy,citizenstaketurnsgoverningthemselves,ratherthanelectingrepresentativestogovernforthem.

本篇论文地址 http://www.sxsky.net/xie/07068774.html

Butasrecentlyasin1986,juryselectionproceduresconflictedwiththesedemocraticideals.Insomestates,forexample,jurydutywaslimitedtopersonsofsupposedlysuperiorintelligence,education,andmoralcharacter.AlthoughtheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStateshadprohibitedintentionalracialdiscriminationinjuryselectionasearlyasthe1880caseofstrauderv.WestVirginia,thepracticeofselectingso-calledeliteorblue-ribbonjuriesprovidedaconvenientwayaroundthisandotherantidiscriminationlaws.

Thesystemalsofailedtoregularlyincludewomenonjuriesuntilthemid-20thcentury.AlthoughwomenfirstservedonstatejuriesinUtahin1898,itwasnotuntilthe1940sthatamajorityofstatesmadewomeneligibleforjuryduty.Eventhenseveralstatesautomaticallyexemptedwomenfromjurydutyunlesstheypersonllyaskedtohavetheirnamesincludedonthejurylist.Thispracticewasjustifiedbytheclaimthatwomenwereneededathome,anditkeptjuriesunrepresentativeofwomenthroughthe1960s.

In1968,theCongressoftheUnitedStatespassedtheJurySelectionandServiceAct,usheringinaneweraofdemocraticreformsforthejury.Thislawabolishedspecialeducationalrequirementsforfederaljurorsandrequiredthemtobeselectedatrandomfromacrosssectionoftheentiremunity.Inthelandmark1975decisionTaylorv.Louisiana,theSupremeCourtextendedtherequirementthatjuriesberepresentativeofallpartsofthemunitytothestatelevel.TheTaylordecisionalsodeclaredsexdiscriminationinjuryselectiontobeunconstitutionalandorderedstatestousethesameproceduresforselectingmaleandfemalejurors.

36.FromtheprinciplesoftheUSjurysystem,welearnthat______

[A]bothlitcrateandilliteratepeoplecanserveonjuries

[B]defendantsareimmunefromtrialbytheirpeers

[C]noagelimitshouldbeimposedforjuryservice

[D]judgmentshouldconsidertheopinionofthepublic

37.Thepracticeofselectingso—calledelitejurorspriorto1968showed_____

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