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关于移民类论文范文集,与2016年考研英语相关论文答辩
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heauthor'sattitudetowardCalifornia'sargumentisoneof[A]disapproval.
[B]indifference.
[C]tolerance.
[D]cautiousness.
28.Theauthorbelievesthatexploringone'sphonecontentsisparableto
[A]gettingintoone'sresidence.
[B]handingone'shistoricalrecords.
[C]scanningone'scorrespondences.
[D]goingthroughone'swallet.
29.InParagraph5and6,theauthorshowshisconcernthat
[A]principlesarehardtobeclearlyexpressed.
[B]thecourtisgivingpolicelessroomforaction.
[C]citizens'privacyisnoteffectivelyprotected.
[D]phonesareusedtostoresensitiveinformation.
30.OrinKerr'sparisonisquotedtoindicatethat
[A]theConstitutionshouldbeimplementedflexibly.
[B]newtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheConstitution.
[C]California'sargumentviolatesprinciplesoftheConstitution.
[D]principlesoftheConstitutionshouldneverbealtered.
Text3
ThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtotheirreproducibilityofmanypublishedresearchfindings.
"Readersmusthaveconfidenceintheconclusionspublishedinourjournal,"writesMcNuttinaneditorial.WorkingwiththeAmericanStatisticalAssociation,thejournalhasappointedsevenexpertstoastatisticsboardofreviewingeditors(SBoRE).Manuscriptwillbeflaggedupforadditionalscrutinybythejournal'sinternaleditors,orbyitsexistingBoardofReviewingEditorsorbyoutsidepeerreviewers.TheSBoREpanelwillthenfindexternalstatisticianstoreviewthesemanuscripts.
Askedwhetheranyparticularpapershadimpelledthechange,McNuttsaid:"Thecreationofthe'statisticsboard'wasmotivatedbyconcernsbroadlywiththeapplicationofstatisticsanddataanalysisinscientificresearchandispartofScience'soveralldrivetoincreasereproducibilityintheresearchwepublish."
GiovanniParmigiani,abiostatisticianattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealth,amemberoftheSBoREgroup.Hesaysheexpectstheboardto"playprimarilyanadvisoryrole."Heagreedtojoinbecausehe"foundtheforesightbehindtheestablishmentoftheSBoREtobenovel,uniqueandlikelytohavealastingimpact.ThisimpactwillnotonlybethroughthepublicationsinScienceitself,buthopefullythroughalargergroupofpublishingplacesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafterScience."
JohnIoannidis,aphysicianwhostudiesresearchmethodology,saysthatthepolicyis"amostwelestepforward"and"longoverdue.""Mostjournalsareweakinstatisticalreview,andthisdamagesthequalityofwhattheypublish.Ithinkthat,forthemajorityofscientificpapersnowadays,statisticalreviewismoreessentialthanexpertreview,"hesays.ButhenotedthatbiomedicaljournalssuchasAnnalsofInternalMedicine,theJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationandTheLancetpaystrongattentiontostatisticalreview.
Professionalscientistsareexpectedtoknowhowtoanalyzedata,butstatisticalerrorsarealarminglymoninpublishedresearch,accordingtoDavidVaux,acellbiologist.Researchersshouldimprovetheirstandards,hewrotein2016,butjournalsshouldalsotakeatougherline,"engagingreviewerswhoarestatisticallyliterateandeditorswhocanverifytheprocess".VauxsaysthatScience'sideatopasssomepaperstostatisticians"hassomemerit,butaweaknessisthatitreliesontheboardofreviewingeditorstoidentify'thepapersthatneedscrutiny'inthefirstplace".
31.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph1that
[A]Scienceintendstosimplifyitspeer-reviewprocess.
[B]journalsarestrengtheningtheirstatisticalchecks.
[C]fewjournalsareblamedformistakesindataanalysis.
[D]lackofdataanalysisismoninresearchprojects.
32.Thephrase"flaggedup"(Para.2)istheclosestinmeaningto
[A]found.
[B]marked.
[C]revised.
[D]stored.
33.GiovanniParmigianibelievesthattheestablishmentoftheSBoREmay
[A]poseathreattoallitspeers.
[B]meetwithstrongopposition.
[C]increaseScience'scirculation.
[D]setanexampleforotherjournals.
34.DavidVauxholdsthatwhatScienceisdoingnow
[A]addstoresearchers'workload.
[B]diminishestheroleofreviewers.
[C]hasroomforfurtherimprovement.
[D]istofailintheforeseeablefuture
35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext
[A]ScienceJoinsPushtoScreenStatisticsinPapers.
[B]ProfessionalStatisticiansDeserveMoreRespect
[C]DataAnalysisFindsItsWayontoEditors'Desks
[D]StatisticiansAreComingBackwithScience
Text4
Twoyearsago,RupertMurdoch'sdaughter,Elisabeth,spokeofthe"unsettlingdearthofintegrityacrosssomanyofourinstitutions"Integrityhadcollapsed,sheargued,becauseofacollectiveacceptancethattheonly"sortingmechanism"insocietyshouldbeprofitandthemarket.But"it'sus,humanbeings,wethepeoplewhocreatethesocietywewant,notprofit".
Drivingherpointhome,shecontinued:"
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