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新东方2016年度考研英语
冲刺试卷
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
Fewscientificfieldsareasfullofriskasthatofresearchintohumanintelligence.Thetwoquestionsthat1overandoveragainare"isitaresultofnatureornurture"and"doesracemakeadifference"
Making2mentsaboutthesecondquestioncanbea3move,asJamesWatson,aco-discovererofDNAstructure,recentlyfound.Hesuggestedthathewas"4abouttheprospectofAfrica"5"alloursocialpoliciesarebasedonthefactthattheirintelligenceisthesameasours(whitepeople)6allthetestingsaysnotreally".Such7arenotmerely8,theyarescientificallyweird.Ifthetermracehasanyusefulscientificmeaning,thenAfrica,thecontinentwheremodern9began,ismostraciallydiverse.Theresulting10amongthepublicforcedDr.Watsontoleavehislaboratory.
11,thestudyof12betweenintelligenceandgeicshassomewiserpractitioners.Oneofthem,TerrieMoffitt,ofKing'sCollege,hasjust13aproject14therelativeimportanceofnatureandnurture.Dr.Moffitt'steam15theeffectonintelligenceofbreastfeeding,butinageiccontext.Previousstudieshaveshownthatbreastfedchildrenaremoreintelligent,16aboutsixIQpoints,thanthosegivenbabyformulas.
Theteam,however,17theinvolvementofagenecalledFADS2,whichesintwovarieties,knownasCandG.Theresearchers18ifthesetwovarieties19differentlywithbreastmilk.20ondatafromtwogroupsofpeople,theyfoundthattheintelligenceincreaseassociatedwithbreastfeedingonlyhappenedtopeoplehavinginheritedatleastonecopyoftheCvariety.TheeffectdidnotdependonthesocialclassesorIQsoftheparents.
1.[A]happen[B]rise[C]arise[D]arouse2.[A]prompt[B]hasty[C]general[D]stupid3.[A]career-
killing[B]career-
facilitating[C]time-
consuming[D]energy-
saving4.[A]gloomy[B]optimistic[C]concerned[D]alarmed5.[A]therefore[B]because[C]so[D]but6.[A]however[B]whereas[C]since[D]as7.[A]polices[B]tests[C]remarks[D]questions8.[A]offensive[B]confusing[C]promising[D]objective9.[A]civilization[B]culture[C]society[D]humanity10.[A]finding[B]uproar[C]plexity[D]puzzlement11.[A]Fortunately[B]Particularly[C]Furthermore[D]Indeed12.[A]similarities[B]differences[C]links[D]contradictions13.[A]sponsored[B]remended[C]criticized[D]supervised14.[A]concluding[B]investigating[C]judging[D]emphasizing15.[A]had[B]examined[C]discovered[D]suggested16.[A]with[B]at[C]to[D]by17.[A]suspected[B]doubted[C]disapproved[D]challenged18.[A]questioned[B]wondered[C]noted[D]found19.[A]bined[B]contradicted[C]reacted[D]interacted20.[A]Deciding[B]Acting[C]Drawing[D]Reflecting
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,C,orD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
Theideathatboysandgirls—andmenandwomen—areprogrammedbyevolutiontobehavedifferentlyfromoneanotherisnowwidelyacknowledged.Butwhichofthedifferencesbetweenthesexesare"biological",inthesensethattheyhavebeenhonedbyevolution,andwhichare"cultural"or"environmental"andmigoreeasilybealteredbychangedcircumstances,isstillfiercelydebated.
ThesensitivityofthequestionwasshownlastyearbyanuproaratHarvardUniversity.LarrySummers,thenHarvard'spresident,causedastormwhenhesuggestedthatinnateabilitycouldbeanimportantreasonwhythereweresofewwomeninthetoppositionsinmathematics,engineeringandthephysicalsciences.
Evenasapropositionfordiscussion,thisisunacceptabletosome.Butbiologicalexplanationsofhumanbehavioraremakingaeback(卷土重来).Thesuccessofneo-Darwinismhasprovidedanintellectualfoundationfordiscussionaboutwhysomedifferencesbetweenthesexesmightbeinnate.Andnewscanningtechniqueshaveenabledresearcherstoexaminethebrain'sinteriorwhileitisworking,showingthatmaleandfemalebrainsdo,atonelevel,operatedifferently.Theresults,however,donotalwayssupportpastclichés(陈旧说辞)aboutwhatthedifferencesinquestionactuallyare.
Anotherbehavioraldifferencethathasborneahugeamountofscrutinyisinmathematics,particularlysinceDr.Summers'ments.Theproblemwithtryingtoarguethatthemaletendencytosystemizemightleadtogreatermathematicalabilityisthat,infact,girlsandboysareequallygoodatmathspriortoteenageyears.Untilrecently,itwasbelievedthatmalesoutperformedfemalesinmathematicsatallages.Today,thatpicturehaschanged
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