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;___________.[A]couldhelpimprovethelocaleconomy
[B]willbefinanciallysupportedbythetruckers
[C]maydependonindependentcontractors
[D]willupgradeallthetruckstoreducepollution
35.Thereformsthreatentheport'spetitivenessinthat_________.
[A]thetruckers'unionizationwouldraisethecostoftheports
[B]truckersworkingatthedocksareprice-takers
[C]theTeamsters'unionwouldhavelittlebargainingpower
[D]environmentalgroupsarenotenthusiasticabouttheplans
Text4
WhetheryouthinkthehumanstorybeginsinagardeninMesopotamiaknownasEden,orinpresent-dayeastAfrica,itisclearthathumanbeingsdidnotstartlifeasanurbancreature.Man'shabitatattheoutsetwasdominatedbytheneedtofindfood,andhuntingandgatheringwereruralpursuits.Notuntilaround11,000yearsago,didhestartbuildinganythingthatmightbecalledavillage.Ittookanother6000yearsforcitiesofmorethan100,000peopletodevelop.
Intermsofhumanhistorythismayseemaweledevelopment.Itwouldbequestionabletosaythatnothingofconsequencehasevereoutofthecountryside.Thewheelwaspresumablyaruralinvention.Evencity-dwellersneedbreadaswellascircuses.AndifDr.JohnsonandShelleywererighttosaythatpoetsarethetruelegislatorsofmankind,thenallthosehillsandlakesandotherruraldelightsmustbegivencreditforinspiringthem.
Buttheruralcontributiontohumanprogressseemsslightparedwiththeurbanone.Cities'developmentissynonymouswithhumandevelopment.Thefirstvillagescamewiththeemergenceofagricultureandthedomesticationofanimals:peoplenolongerhadtowanderbutcouldinsteaddrawtogetherinsettlements,allowingsometodevelopparticularskills.Afterawhilethefarmerscouldproducesurpluses,andthevariousproductscouldbeexchanged.
Livingtogethermeantsecurity.Butpeoplealsodrewtogetherforthepracticaladvantagesofbeinginaparticularplace:byariverorspring,onadefensiblehillorpeninsula,nexttoanestuary(themouthofariver)orothersourceoffood.Alsoimportant,arguehistorians,wasasettlement'scapacitytodrawpeopletoitasameeting-place,oftenforsacredorspiritualpurposes.Graves,groves,evencavesmightbeeplacesforceremoniesandrituals.Mandidnotlivebybreadalone.
Butbread,inthebroadestsense,wasimportant.Peoplecametocitiesnotjusttoworshipbuttotradeandthegoodstheyboughtandsoldwerenotjustfarmproductsbutthemanufacturesofurbancraftsmenandskilledworkers.Thecitybecameacentreofexchange,bothofgoodsandofideas,andsoitalsobecameacentreoflearning,andinnovation.
Citiesweremuchmorethanallofthis,ofcourse,andtheywerenotallthesame.Astheydeveloped,someweremostnotablefortheirreligiousrole,asthehubofanempire,ascentresofadministration,politicaldevelopment,learning,ormerce.Someflourished,somedied,theirlongevitydependingonfactorsasvariedasconquest,plague,misgovernmentoreconomiccollapse.
36.Thefirstparagraphsuggeststhatearlyhumanbeings'livingplaces_________.
[A]startedeitherinEdenoreastAfrica
[B]hadmuchtodowithfoodinthebeginning
[C]weredominatedbytheirpursuits
[D]developedintolargecities6,000yearsago
37.Inthesecondparagraph,theauthormainlyintendstotellusthat________.
[A]theemergenceofcitiesseemtobeafavorabledevelopment
[B]nothingsignificantwasdevelopedinthecountryside
[C]urbanpeopleneedbothfoodandentertainments
[D]countrysidedidmakecontributionstohumanhistory
38.Onereasonwhypeoplebegantolivetogetheristhat_______.
[A]theyneededtofindfoodtogether
[B]theywouldassembleforparticularpurposes
[C]theycouldbeprotectedbyriversorgraves
[D]theycouldsharethenearbynaturalresources
39.Bysaying"Mandidnotlivebybreadalone"(line5,paragraph4),theauthormeans________.
[A]peopleneededtoeatavarietyoffood
[B]menoftenlivedbesidefoodsources
[C]menoughttoliveamorenoblelife
[D]besidesfood,therewereotherpursuitsformen
40.Whichofthefollowingcouldbestsummarizethepassage
[A]Thecityrises,thecountryfalls—thehistoryofhuman'slivingplaces.
[B]Fromhunting/gatheringtoexchanging—thehistoryofcityfunctions.
[C]Fromvillagestocities—thehistoryofurbanity.
[D]Isolated,country,united,urban—howcountrysideandcitiesdiffer.
PartB
Directions:
Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41—45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA—Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
Allbigideasstartlifeonthefringesofdebate.Veryoftenittakesashockingeventtomovethemintothemainstream.Untillastyearclimatechangewasmainlytheinterestofscientistsandgreenlobbyists.ButsinceHurricaneKatrina,somethingseemstohavechanged,particularlyinAmerica.Nobodyknowswhetherthehurricanereallyhadanythingtodo
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