开题报告类有关论文范本,与安徽建筑大学法律与政治学院相关毕业论文致谢
本论文是一篇开题报告类有关毕业论文致谢,关于安徽建筑大学法律与政治学院相关硕士毕业论文范文。免费优秀的关于开题报告及大学学报及交通安全方面论文范文资料,适合开题报告论文写作的大学硕士及本科毕业论文开题报告范文和学术职称论文参考文献下载。
次作为一个群体,这项研究的酒后每年被佛蒙特州法院处理的那些国家和酒后者的典型佛蒙特州的酒后驾车违法者的平均年龄为32.4相当多数的罪犯年为男性(85%),与其他研究结果一致.者已婚比例25%,其中大部分不是从未结婚(46%)离婚/分居(26%).大多数罪犯(约60%)没有高中以上的教育,只有约十分之一有四年的大学或以上略超过一半(40%)已在其工作一年或以下已少.毫不奇怪,约%事先没有酒后驾车,可以只在有关酒后驾车初犯.关于什么可被视为重复酒后驾车者多数有一或两个事先酒后驾车的,一个相对较小的有三个或更多的.同样,这些结果与先前的研究相一致.此外,约有43三个或更多的交通罚单,平均在犯罪时的参考引文四个不良的驾驶的记录.此外,大约三分之一(32%)的学科组至少有一个事先记录刑事指控.检察官和执法官员一直认为,酒精是涉及了大部分犯罪事件,也许多达四分之三.的记录显示,约有20刑事指控直接与酒精有关.大多数相对较高水平,平均为0.159%,并远远高于0.08%的法定门槛典型.毫不奇怪,大约一半的受试者被评为有酗酒问题,而具有潜在酗酒问题.这一发现与一般的越轨行为的做法一致,经验表明,酒后驾车者在其生活的其他领域超越了即时酒后驾驶罪行的参与问题.这一发现最重要的意义也许是,大多数酒后驾车者遇到的问题是多方面的,任何减轻酒后驾车行为发展方法必须超越酒精问题或酒后驾车行为的隔离治疗对酒后驾车者的酗酒问题的干预只是一个涉及到就业家庭社会机构较大问题方面除了酒后累犯大量机动车违法犯罪发生的后续值得注意的.这些结果表明,制定管理酒后驾车罪犯政策必须.具体来说,酒后介入刑事司法表明许多人都将根据惩教署的保管(社区或机构),不一定或只负责一个酒后的结果.管理这部分人口主要机构之间进行审判(法院),处理(卫生署),以及校正(惩教署)协调是很重要的.此外,在人性化服务领域其他部门可能涉及对酒后驾车的客户与他们的服务工作.倡议减轻累犯,必须一种协调的多学科和多机构的办法,其中法律制度是一个重要方面.有些司法管辖区已制订了专门酒后驾车法院的类似法庭来解决这个问题.虽然这种方法的评价证据是现在才成为可用,这种做.VermontBarJournalMarch,2002
Feature
*21HOWMANYCOMEBACKDUIOFFENDERRECIDIVISMINVERMONT
WilliamClements,Ph.D.
Copyright2002byVermontBarAssociation,WilliamClements
Theoffenseofdrivingundertheinfluence(DUI)isnostrangertoattorneyswhopracticecriminallawinVermont.ItisthesinglemostfrequentlyfiledcriminalchargeinDistrictCourtandhasbeenacentralpartofthedocketformanyyears:about4,800arrestsaremade,andanequivalentnumberofcriminalcharges,arefiledannually.PublichealthandsafetydataindicatethatanestimatedthreehundredthousandDUIincidentsoccurannuallyinVermontwhileabout48%oftheniy-threepeoplekilledonVermont'shighwaysin1999diedinalcoholrelatedcrashes.Thepicturepaintedbythesestatisticsissoberingandhaspromptedavarietyofpublichealth,enforcement,andeducationalinitiativesovertheyearstoreducetheincidenceofDUIandmitigateitsimpactonthepublicandlegalsystem.
AparticularchallengeforVermontandotherruralStatesisthattheincidenceofDUIissignificantlyhigherinruralareasthaninurbanareas.In1999,DUIarrestratesforruralcounties(888per100,000population)werealmosttwicethoseforlargecities(474per100,000population)andweresignificantlygreaterthanthoseforsuburbanareas(583per100,000population).EquallychallengingistherecognitionthatincreasesintheseverityofDUIpenaltiesandpublicdemandforenforcementresultingreaterdemandsonlawenforcementandadjudicationresources,whichareevenmorelimitedinruraljurisdictionsandhavebeenthesubjectofcontinuedlegislativeactivityinVermont.Thelegislaturerecentlydecriminalizedfirst-offensepossessionofalcoholbyaminoraftersignificantpressurewasplacedonthecourtsystembysomefourthousandannualchargesoveratwo-yearperiod,upfromabouttwohundredtofourhundredchargesperyearbeforeenhancedenforcementbeganin1997.
RecidivismPatterns
SeveralquestionsarisefromthealmostthreedecadesofempiricalstudiesontheincidenceandnatureofDUIbehavior.PerhapsmostimportantisdeterminingtheproportionofDUIoffenderswhoreturntothelegalsystemafterhavingbeenadjudicatedandprocessedthroughthevarioussanctionandremedialprogramsrequiredasaresultoflegalintervention.ThelegalsanctionforDUIis,ofcourse,triggeredbyclassificationoftheoffenderaseitherafirst-timeorrepeatoffender,typicallyoutlinedinstatutesrecognizingthatasmallbutimportantproportionofDUIoffenderscontinuetodrinkanddrivedespitelegalortreatmentintervention.
Most"socialdrinkers"tendtobefirstoffendersandtendtorefrainfromcontinueddrinkinganddriving,atleastasmeasuredbylegalsystemintervention.Empiricalstudiessupportthehypothesisthatfirstoffendersaresignificantlylesslikelytorecidivatethanarerepeatoffenders,althoughthedegreetowhichfirstoffendersrecidivateandchangesinrecidivismrateshaveimportantresourceandpolicyimplicationsbothforlegalandtreatmentsystems.Alternatively,repeatoffenderscreateaconsiderablechallengeforpolicymakersgiventhepersistenceofdrinkinganddrivingbehaviorandincreaseddemandonlegalandhealthsystemresources.Theprimaryobjectiveofthestudyreportedherewastoexaminetheextentandnatureoffailureamongfirst-timeandrepeatoffenderswiththegoalofdevelopingsoundbenchmarksagainstwhichfutureinterventionsmightbeassessed.
TheliteratureonDUIrecidivismsuggeststhatrepeateddrinkinganddrivingbehaviorisprevalentandthatasignificantproportionofDUIo
开题报告类有关论文范本,与安徽建筑大学法律与政治学院相关毕业论文致谢参考文献资料: