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III.OnSimilarity
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IV.OntheMechanismofMetaphor
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4.1Black'sInteractionTheory(章内每节标号及标题左起顶格,四号字,加粗,前后空一行为小四号字.如在页首则其前不空行,但其后空行)
4.1.1IntroductiontoInteractionTheory
InteractionTheorywasoriginatedfromI.A.Richards'theory.Inhisdefinitionhesays:"Inthesimplestformulation,whenweuseametaphorwehavetwothoughtsofdifferentthingsactivetogetherandsupportedbyasingleword,orphrase,whosemeaningisaresultantoftheirinteraction"(Richard89).Themostimportantinthisdefinitionis"twoactivethoughtsinteractwitheachother."Hefirstprovidedthebasicterminologyandconceptualframeworkfordiscussingmetaphor.Hearguedthatmetaphorconsistsoftwoterms,thetenor,ortopic,andthevehicle,andthe
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4.3TheConceptualIntegrationTheory
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4.3.1AnIntroductiontotheConceptualIntegrationTheory
ConceptualIntegrationTheorywasproposedbyGillesFauconnierandMarkTurner等等等等等等等等等等等等等
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4.3.1.1FourMentalSpaces
InBT,thebasisunitofcognitiveanizationisnotthedomainbutthementalspaces,whichareapartialandtemporaryrepresentationalstructurethatspeakersconstructwhenthinkingortalkingaboutaperceived,imagined,past,present等等等等等等等等等
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V.Conclusion
Thestudyofmetaphoris,inessence,thestudyofhowmetaphorworks.Itisthenucleusofmetaphorstudy.Modernscholarsdiscardtheperspectivethatmetaphorisadeviceofrhetoric,anattachmenttolanguage,andclaimthatmetaphorisofcognitionandisomnipresent,itisawayofhumanthinking.Moreover,theyholdthatmetaphorcreatessimilarityinsteadofparingtwothingswhicharebasedonthepreexistingsimilarity.Hence,themechanismofmetaphoristointerprethowsimilarityiscreated.Black'stheoryandLakoffiantheory,duetosomedefectsanddeficiencies,arenotabletogiveacleardescriptionofthecreationofsimilarity.Theyendeavortoexpoundtheappearanceofanewstructureafteranovelmetaphor,buttheyfailtodothatandresultin"isomorphism".
Themechanismofmetaphorissophisticated.Itisaresultofvariousfactors.Interacting,projectingandblendingconstitutetheprocess.ItisobviousthatBT,onthebasisofthetwoabove-mentionedtheories,focusesonsolvingtheproblemofthe"isomorphism"-structure.Toavoidmittingthesamemistakethatalltheknowledge,thefeaturesmappedfromthesourcedomainandthestructure(topology)ofthetargetdomainareinterwoven等.
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