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群落类有关论文范文数据库,与年考研英语二真题答案相关本科毕业论文
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d:thewholesalefoodanddrinktrade,whichappearstobejustthekindofmarketretailersneed.[C]WillsuchvariationsbringaboutachangeintheoverallstructureofthefoodanddrinkmarketDefinitelynot.Thefunctioningofthemarketisbasedonflexibletrendsdominatedbypotentialbuyers.Inotherwords,itisuptothebuyer,ratherthantheseller,todecidewhattobuy.Atanyrate,thischangewillultimatelybeacclaimedbyanever-growingnumberofbothdomesticandinternationalconsumers,regardlessofhowlongthecurrentconsumerpatternwilltakehold.
[D]Allinall,thisclearlyseemstobeamarketinwhichbigretailerscouldprofitablyapplytheirscale,existinginfrastructureandprovenskillsinthemanagementofproductranges,logistics,andmarketingintelligence.RetailersthatmastertheintricaciesofwholesalinginEuropemaywellexpecttorakeinsubstantialprofitsthereby.Atleast,thatishowitlooksasawhole.Closerinspectionrevealsimportantdifferencesamongthebiggestnationalmarkets,especiallyintheircustomersegmentsandwholesalestructures,aswellasthepetitivedynamicsofindividualfoodanddrinkcategories.BigretailersmustunderstandthesedifferencesbeforetheycanidentifythesegmentsofEuropeanwholesalinginwhichtheirparticularabilitiesmightunseatsmallerbutentrenchedpetitors.Newskillsandunfamiliarbusinessmodelsareneededtoo.
[E]Despitevariationsindetail,wholesalemarketsinthecountriesthathavebeencloselyexamined-France,Germany,Italy,andSpain-aremadeoutofthesamebuildingblocks.Demandesmainlyfromtwosources:independentmom-and-popgrocerystoreswhich,unlikelargeretailchains,aretwosmalltobuystraightfromproducers,andfoodserviceoperatorsthatcatertoconsumerswhentheydon'teatathome.Suchfoodserviceoperatorsrangefromsnackmachinestolargeinstitutionalcateringventures,butmostofthesebusinessesareknowninthetradeas"horeca":hotels,restaurants,andcafes.Overall,Europe'swholesalemarketforfoodanddrinkisgrowingatthesamesluggishpaceastheretailmarket,butthefigures,whenaddedtogether,masktwoopposingtrends.
[F]Forexample,wholesalefoodanddrinksaleseto$268billioninFr
群落类有关论文范文数据库
[G]However,noneoftheserequirementsshoulddeterlargeretailers(andevensomelargegoodproducersandexistingwholesalers)fromtryingtheirhand,forthosethatmastertheintricaciesofwholesalinginEuropestandtoreapconsiderablegains.
PartC
Directions:
ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)
Onebasicweaknessinaconservationsystembasedwhollyoneconomicmotivesisthatmostmembersofthelandmunityhavenoeconomicvalue.Yetthesecreaturesaremembersofthebioticmunityand,ifitsstabilitydependsonitsintegrity,theyareentitledtocontinuance.
Whenoneofthesenoneconomiccategoriesisthreatenedand,ifwehappentoloveit,weinventexcusestogiveiteconomicimportance.Atthebeginningofthecenturysongbirdsweresupposedtobedisappearing.(46)Scientistsjumpedtotherescuewithsomedistinctlyshakyevidencetotheeffectthatinsectswouldeatusupifbirdsfailedtocontrolthem.Theevidencehadtobeeconomicinordertobevalid.
Itispainfultoreadtheseroundaboutaccountstoday.Wehavenolandethicyet,(47)butwehaveatleastdrawnnearerthepointofadmittingthatbirdsshouldcontinueasamatterofintrinsicright,regardlessofthepresenceorabsenceofeconomicadvantagetous.
Aparallelsituationexistsinrespectofpredatorymammalsandfish-eatingbirds.(48)Timewaswhenbiologistssomewhatoverworkedtheevidencethatthesecreaturespreservethehealthofgamebykillingthephysicallyweak,orthattheypreyonlyon"worthless"species.Hereagain,theevidencehadtobeeconomicinordertobevalid.Itisonlyinrecentyearsthatwehearthemorehonestargumentthatpredatorsaremembersofthemunity,andthatnospecialinteresthastherighttoexterminatethemforthesakeofabenefit,realorfancied,toitself.
Somespeciesoftreehavebeen"readoutoftheparty"byeconomics-mindedforestersbecausetheygrowtooslowly,orhavetoolowasalevaluetopayastimbercrops.(49)InEurope,whereforestryisecologicallymoreadvanced,thenonmercialtreespeciesarerecognizedasmembersofnativeforestmunity,tobepreservedassuch,withinreason.Moreover,somehavebeenfoundtohaveavaluablefunctioninbuildingupsoilfertility.Theinterdependenceoftheforestanditsconstituenttreespecies,groundflora,andfaunaistakenforgranted.
Tosumup:asystemofconservationbasedsolelyoneconomicself-interestishopelesslylopsided.(50)Ittendstoignore,andthuseventuallytoeliminate,manyelementsinthelandmunitythatlackmercialvalue,butthatareessentialtoitshealthyfunctioning.Itassumes,falsely,thattheeconomicpartsofthebioticclockwillfunctionwithou
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