关于计算机类论文例文,与科技英语文写作中的分类与例证相关本科毕业论文范文
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收稿日期:2006-09-11
作者简介:江华圣(1946―),男,福建闽侯人,武汉科技大学中南分校信息工程学院副教授.
(武汉科技大学中南分校信息工程学院,湖北武汉430223)
摘 要:本文针对科技英语论文的特点,论述了科技英语论文常用的分类与例证写作方法,对其常用句型的结构、特点进行了分析并给出了多种不同形式的应用实例.
关 键 词:科技英语论文写作;分类;例证
科技英语论文是科技人员介绍有关研究成果的文章,整体结构上通常包括标题(Title)、作者(Author)、摘 要(Abstract)、关键字(Keyword)、正文部分(通常由引言Introduction、主体Body和结论Conclusion构成)以及致谢(Acknowledgment)和参考文献(Reference)等几个部分.
文章的主体是科技论文的核心部分,是主题思想的展开和论述.科技英语论文在选材上要围绕主题,段落划分既要结构严谨,又要保证全文的整体性和连贯性.作者可根据需要在文章中加小标题,将主体内容分为几个部分进行论述.科技论文的英文写作通常把每段的主体句(TopicSentence)放在段落的第一句,全段围绕主体句论述.分类与例证是科技论文写作中常用的写作方法
一、分类(Classifying)
Introduction
Theearlystagesofscientificresearchinvolvemakingobservationsandgatheringinformation.However,merelycollectingfactsisnotenough.Thescientistneedstoarrangeandclassifythefactsandtofindrelationshipsamongthem.
Thewordclassificationesfromthewordclass――meaningagroupofthingsthatallhaveoneimportantelementinmon.Scientistsgrouprelatedinformationintoanarray.Chemists,forexample,cannotstudyeveryelement,butcanmakegeneralizationsbyarrangingalltheelementsintogroupswithrelatedproperties.This,ifiodineisidentifiedasbelongingtothesamegroupaschlorineandbromine,itspropertiescanbepredicted.Similarly,sincethereareseveralmillionkindsofplantsandanimalsonearth,itisclearlyimpossibletostudyeachone.However,byclassifyingananimalasamemberofaparticulargroup,orspecies,abiologistcanpredictitscharacteristics.Classificationisthusverybasictoscientificthoughtandexpressions.
SentencePatterns
1、Classifyingformgeneraltospecific
ApplicationExamples
1、Thereare(number)typesofNP(NounPhrases)
Thereareseveraltypesofnon-impactprinterscalledthermalandelectrosensitiveprinters(electrostaticprinters).
有几类非击打式打印机,称为热敏式打印机和电灼式打印机(静电式打印机).
2.NPbeof(number)types
(1)Magicdisksareoftwokinds,namelyfloppyandhard.
磁盘有两种类型,即软磁盘和硬磁盘.
3.bedivided
besubdivided
NPbeclassifiedinto(number)types
begrouped
fall
(1)Computersoftwarecanbedividedintotwoverybroadcategories:systemsoftwareandapplicationsoftware.
计算机软件可大体上分为两类:系统软件和应用软件.
(2)Theharddisks,inturn,aresubdividedintofixedheadandmoving-headdiskswhichareeithercartridgeorpack.
硬磁盘本身又细分为固定磁头磁盘和活动磁头磁盘,后者又分为盒式磁盘或磁盘组两种.
(3)MOStechnologiescanbeclassifiedPMOS,NMOS,andCMOS.
MOS技术可分为PMOS、NMOS和CMOS类.
(4)Theseroutinesareconvenientlygroupedthreeclasses:taskmanagement,jobmanagement,datamanagement.
这些程序可方便地划分为三类:任务管理程序、业务管理程序和数据管理程序.
(5)Secondarymemorydevicesfallintotwocategories:sequentialdevicesandrandom-accessdevice
辅助存储器分为两类:顺序访问设备和随机访问设备.
4.beclassified
NPbeclassed as
becategorized
(1)Lineprintersmaybeclassifiedasimpactprintersandnoimpactprinters.
行式打印机可分为击打式打印机和非击打式打印机.
(2)Themachineinstructionfunctionscanberoughlyclassedas:datatransfers.arithmeticandlogicoperationsondata,programsequencingcontrolsandinput/outputtransfers.
机器指令的功能可粗略地分为下列几类:数据传送、数据的算术和逻辑运算、程序顺序的控制以及输入和输出传送.
这篇论文来自 http://www.sxsky.net/zhengzhi/050876733.html
二、例证(Exemplifying)
Introduction
Aftergivingadefinitionormakinganygeneralstatement,thebestwaytoclarifyapointistogiveanexampleofit.AChineseproverbsaysthatapictureisworthathousandwords(百闻不如一见),Itmightalsobesaidthatoneexampleisworthathousandexplanations(事实胜于雄辩).Anexamplebringsthegeneralorabstractstatementdowntoaspecificorconcreteimage.Forexample,itisonethingtosaythatsmokingisbadforyourhealthandanothertosaythataregularsmokerlosesaboutfiveandahalfminutesoflifeexpectancyforeachcigarettesmoked.Theexampleaddsimpact,makingthestatementmorememorable,andmorepersuasive,aswellasprovidingevidenceforit.
Scientistsuseexamplestoexplainorclarifyaconceptandtogiveevidencetosupportit.Examplescansometimesseemtotestthevalidityofapoint.Ifnoexamplecanbefoundtoillustrateapoint,theremaynotbeapoint.
SentencePatterns
Forexample,
Forinstance,
ironturnredwhenitisheated.
等于Iron,forexample,turnsredwhenheated.
Tobespecific,
Toillustrate,
anexample
acase
Ironisofasubstancethatturnsredwhenheated.
aninstance
anillustration
exemplifies
Irontheconceptofheataffectingcolor.
illustrates
exemplified
等于Theconceptofheataffectingcolorisbyiron.
illustrated
suchas
Solidsironandcopperturnredwhenheated.
like
Forexample/forinstance/e.g.
NPbeanexampleofNP
anexample(ofNP)isNP
Examples(ofNP)areNP
asanexample(ofNP)
takeNPasanexample
takeforexampleNP
giveanexampleofNP
regardNPasanexample
suchas
(NPisshortforNounPhrase)
ApplicationExamples
forexample/forinstance/e.g.
1、Computerscanprocessinformationatextremelyrapidrates.Modernputerscansolvecertainclassesofarithmeticproblemsmillionsoftimesfasterthanaskilledmathematician.
计算机能以极快的速率处理信息,例如现代计算机能以比熟练的数学家快数百万倍的速度求解某些类型算术问题.
2、Forinstance,terminalswithbothvideoscreenandhard-copyoutputarenowavailable.
例如,带有显示屏幕并
关于计算机类论文例文,与科技英语文写作中的分类与例证相关本科毕业论文范文参考文献资料: