ABSTRACT
Thepresentstudy,whichisbasedontheCompetingValuesFramework（i.e.CVF:aframeworktoidentifytheorganizationaleffectivenessandtodefineorganizationalculture），aimstoinvestigateEnglishteachers,teachingmotivationatuniversities,theirperceptionoftheorganizationalcultureinthetargetuniversity,theirprofessionalaspirationandhowtheyaffecteachother.Theresearchquestionstobeaddressedareasfollows:（1）HowdotheEnglishteachersperceivetheorganizationalcultureattheirworkplace?（2）Howmucheffortwilltheteacherspayfortheirprofessionalengagementandaspiration?（3）WhatkindsofmotivationdotheEnglishteachersinthetargetuniversityappeartohave?（4）Howwilltheorganizationalcultureandthepreviousexperienceaffectteachers'motivation?
Thisstudyemployedfourdifferentquestionnairesastheresearchinstruments,includingonedemographicquestionnaireandthreeresearchquestionnaires,i.e.thedemographicquestionnaire,theOrganizationalCultureAssessmentInstrument（i.e.theOCAI）（Cameron&Quinn,1999），theProfessionalEngagementandCareerDevelopmentAspiration-scale（i.e.thePECDA-scale）（Watt&Richardson,2008b），andtheWorkTasksMotivationScaleforTeachersTeaching（i.e.theWTMST）（Fernetetal.,2008），toinvestigatetheabovementionedresearchquestions.Thewholeinvestigationtookroughly12weeksandinvolvedthreestages:thepreparationstage,thepilotstudy,andthemainstudy.
Thefindingsofthepresentstudyshowthatmostoftheteachersareintrinsicallymotivatedandwithidentifiedregulationinfluencedbytheperformancecultureandtheclanculturewhicharethedominantculturetypesofthetargetresearchsite.Resultsalsoindicatethattheoverseasexperienceandlengthofteachingexperienceaffectteachers'perceptionoftixeorganizationalcultureandmotivation.Theparticipantswhohaveoverseasexperiencetendtobemorewiththesenseofprofessionalism,moreintrinsicallymotivatedandbemoreconfidentwiththeircompetenceintheacademicarea;andtheoneswhohavelongeryearsofteachingexperiencearewithmoreidentifiedregulationandintrojectedmotivationandaremorecommittedandmoreassuredofstayingintheeducationfield.Theparticipantsinthetargetuniversitybasicallybelongtothehighlyengagedpersisters,andthemaleteachersexpecttobetheleadership.
KeyWords:Organizationalculture;CompetingValueFramework;Englishteachersatuniversities;teachers5motivation;professionalaspiration.
Abstract
LouiseErdrichisoneofthemostprolificandimportantwritersofcontemporaryNativeAmericanliterature.In2012,hernewnovelTheRoundHousewaspublishedtotheintensiveattentionfromcriticsandgeneralreadershipalike.ThenovelwontheNationalBookAward.
TheRoundHouseiscenteredonarapecase,tellingastoryofstrivingtosurvivewhilepursuingjusticethroughthejungleofdiscriminationanddespair.ErdrichdrawsfromOjibwemyths,storytellingtechniqueandskillfullymergewithwesternmainstreamculturetoexplorethemessuchassubversiontocolonialdiscourse,thelossandreconstructionofethnicidentity.
Inthisthesis,postcolonialtheoryisappliedtoanalyzethelossandreconstructionofethnicidentityofthenativepeopleandLouiseErdrich'sstrategiestoresistwhitecolonialdiscourse.TotheNativesstrugglingbetweentwoculturesandtraditions,thelossofidentityisinevitable,yetitispossibleandnecessaryforthemtoreconstructtheirethnicidentity.
Throughthenovel,Erdrichshowshowdifferentcharactersmakeeffortstoreconstructethnicidentity,representthenationalself-esteemandsubvertthewhitehegemony.Throughanalyzingthetextandthestrategiesoftheauthor,thethesissuggeststhewaytoreconstructethnicidentity-surpasstheethnicboundary,recuperatetraditionalculture,embracehybridity,mixwithadvancedcultureofthemainstreamsocietyandmakechangesaccordinglytogainabettergroundforsurvivalandthriving.
Thethesisfirstintroducestheresearchbackground,theorganization,andthesignificanceofaninterpretationofTheRoundHousefromtheperspectiveofpostcolonialismandtheobjectofthethesis.ThenitpresentsthecriticalreviewsonLouiseErdrich'sworksfromthreeperspectives.Besides,itprovidesabriefintroductiontothedevelopmentandmainframeofpostcolonialism,amongwhichEdwardSaid'snotionof“otherness”,GayatriSpivak'snotionof“subaltern”andHomiBhabha'snotionof“hybridity”arethekeytermsemployedinthethesis.Thecentralpartofthethesisisdevotedtoanalyzingthelossandreconstructionofethnicidentityembodiedinthelivesofdifferentcharacters.Intheconclusionpart,thethesisrevealsthatforpeoplelivingbetweentwocultures,neitherretreatingtothetraditionnoryieldingtothewhitesocietyisagoodchoice.Inthemulticulturalworld,thenativepeopleshouldunitethecommunitypowertoembracehybridityandrecuperatebrillianttraditionalculture.Onlyinthisway,cantheysurviveandreconstructtheirethnicidentitysuccessfully.
Keywords:LouiseErdrich;TheRoundHouse;postcolonialism;thelossofidentity;thereconstructionofidentity
ABSTRACT
Degreeadverbsplayacrucialroleindailylanguagecommunication.However,owingtotheirwidevarietiesandsimilarmeanings,itishardforlanguagelearnerstoreallymastertheirmeaningsandusages.
WiththeaidofAntConc3.4.lwandbasedonthecorporaofFROWN（TheFreiburg-BrownCorpusofAmericanEnglish），FLOB（TheFreiburg-LOBCorpusofBritishEnglish）andCLEC（ChineseLearnerEnglishCorpus），thestudyaimstocomparetheactualuseofcommonEnglishdegreeadverbsintermsofsemanticprosodybetweenChineseEFLlearnersandnativeEnglishspeakers.Theresearchproceduresconsistoftwosteps.First,AntConc3.4.lwislaunchedtoextractconcordancelinesofthetargetnodewordsineachcorpusandthesemanticfeaturesofthenodewords'collocatesareanalyzed;then,thesemanticprosodiesofthesenodewordsaresummarizedandcomparisonsaremadebetweenthetwocorpora.
TheresultsindicatethattherearedifferencesaswellassimilaritiesbetweennativeEnglishspeakersandChineselearnersintheiruseofsemanticprosody.
ChineseEFLlearnerstendtounderusethenegativesemanticprosodiesoffairly,highly,andtotally?,overusethenegativesemanticprosodiesofextremely;andmisusethesemanticprosodyofterribly.TheresultsalsoshowthatsomeproblemsexistinChineselearners'useofsemanticprosodiesofdegreeadverbs,andthereasonsmayincludetheirfirstlanguagetransfer,intralingualtransfer,andthelackofinformationaboutthesemanticprosodyindictionariesandtextbooks.
ThestudyhassomeimplicationsforEnglishlanguageteaching,vocabularylearning,aswellasthetextbookanddictionarycompiling.
KeyWords:semanticprosody;collocation;degreeadverbs;corpus
Abstract
Inrecentyears,theSouthChinaSeaissuehasbecomeahottopic,escalatingfrombilateraldisputesintothecurrentsituationof“sixcountriesandeightparties”.
Therefore,theissuehasraisedmanyconcernsfromtheinternationalcommunity.
China-VietnamdisputeovertheSouthChinaSeaisparticularlynoticeable.Associalistcountries,ChinaandVietnamhavedeephistoricalrelationsbetweenthem.
WecanevensaythattheChina-Vietnamrelationsenjoyuniqueadvantages.However,VietnamhasoccupiedmostoftheChineseislandsandreefsintheSouthChinaSea.DifferentfromotherclaimantsintheSouthChinaSeaissue,VietnamhasdeclaredclaimtotheentireSpratlyandParacelIslands,playingaleadingroleintheSouthChinaSeaissue.
GiventheimportantinfluenceofVietnamontheSouthChinaSeaissueandtheuniquenessoftheirbilateralrelations,theChina-VietnamdisputehasbecomethemostcomplexdisputeintheSouthChinaSeaissue;meanwhile,itisalsoagoodpointtomakeabreakthroughfromsoastosolvetheSouthChinaSeaissue.ChinaandVietnamhavesuccessfullysolvedthroughbilateralconsultationsandnegotiationsthelandborderissueleftoverfromthehistory.WehavereasonstolookforwardtothepeacefulsettlementoftheirdisputeovertheSouthChinaSeaissue.
Fromthecurrentperspective,thedifferencesbetweenChinaandVietnamareverybig,andtheUnitedStatesandotheroutsidepowershaveneverstoppedtheirinterferenceintheSouthChinaSeaissue.Therefore,itwillbedifficultforChinatosafeguardnationalinterestsintheSouthChinaSeabypeacefulmeanswhileensuringsmoothrelationswithVietnam.However,withChina'scomprehensivenationalstrengthgrowing,thecostofinterferenceforpowersoutsidetheregionintheSouthChinaSeaissuewillbeincreasinglyhigh,andthechangeinthebalanceofpowerwillalsobeinfavorofChina.
Theoptionofmilitarymeanscontainslotsofrisks,whiletheoptionofinternationalarbitrationisundesirable.Onthisoccasion,thepresentstudyholdsthatthereremainsapossiblypragmaticsolution.Thisneedsthenon-interferenceoftheUSontheChina-Vietnamdispute.IfChinawantstoreachthisgoal,Chinashouldtakethebenefit-sharingwithUStosomecontentintofullconsideration.Onthisbasis,ChinacouldregainitssovereigntyovertheNanshaislandsthroughjointdevelopment,transferofsomeeconomicbenefits,increasingeconomicinfluenceonVietnameseeconomy,andwideningthepowergaps,etc.
IfChinaandVietnamcouldsuccessfullysolvetheirmaritimedispute,itwouldbeaverypositiveexampletothefinalsolutiontotheSouthChinaSeaissue.
Keywords:SouthChinaSeaissue,China-VietnamdisputeovertheSouthChinaSea,China,Vietnam,theUS
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