英语论文的摘要

ABSTRACT

ThistranslationreportactsasasummaryformyC-EtranslationprojectofTrademarkLawofP.R.China,anditsemphasesisonhowtotranslateintoEnglishtheChinese“De”structureswithconditionalimplications.Thisprojectisasimulationpracticeforthepurposeofstrengtheningmytranslationability.

TheTrademarkLawofP.R.Chinacontainslotsof“De”structureswithconditionalimplicationswhichshouldbetranslatedintoconditionalclausesduetolinguisticdifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglish.Thegreatchangeposegreatdifficultytotranslation.Thefirstdifficultyliesinthediversifiedandcomplexstructureswithintricatelogicalrelations.Thesecondstemsfrom“De,,structures'vacancyofconjunctionswhichshouldnotmissintheircorrespondingEnglishtranslationsandthechoiceoftheconjunctionisaffectedbythecomplexityofstructure.

ThisprojectadoptsVermeer'sSkoposTheorytothetranslationof6De'structureswithconditionalimplications.ThetargetreadersofthetranslationareEnglish-speakingpeopleeagertogetacquaintedwiththetrademarklawofChina,andthepurposeoftranslationistoprovidethemwithacompleteandreadableEnglishversion.Theauthoradoptsthemethodofsyntacticlinearityforthephrasalverb+'De,structures,themethodsofrestructuringanddisconnectingforsimpleclausesandcomplexclauses+6De'structures.TheconjunctioniforwhereischosenaccordingtotherulesoflegalEnglish.

Thetranslatoradoptsdifferenttranslationmethodsinthisreporthopingthatthedifficultiesoftranslating”De“structureswithconditionalimplicationscouldbesolvedandatthesametime,couldprovidesomeenlightenmentforothertranslatorsconfrontedwithsimilardifficulties.

ABSTRACT

ThispapermainlyexplorestheusagesofChinesenon-canonicalverbalclassifierphrases（non-CVClphrasesforshort）andthenmakesacontrastivestudyonChinesenon-CVClphrasesandrelevantEnglishconstructions（RECsforshort）thataresemanticallyandfunctionallysimilartotheChinesenon-CVClphrases.

ThefeaturesofChinesenon-CVClphraseshavenotbeeninvestigatedsystematicallyinpreviousstudies.Thispapermakesadetailedanalysisofthesemanticfeaturesandsyntacticdistributionofthesephrases.Itisfoundthatinadditiontoquantifyingevents,non-CVClphrasescanalsoservetheindividuationfunctionoftransformingeventtypesintoeventtokens.Besides,non-CVClphrasesarealsoofanominalcharacter,whichaccountsfortheirrelativelystrongreferentialfunctionasopposedtotheirweakdeclarativefunction.Inaddition,thediversifiedsyntacticdistributionofnon-CVClphrasesisalsodiscussedinthispaper.

WiththehelpofChineseandEnglishparallelcorpusandonlineresources,thispaperattemptstofindouttheRECssemanticallyandfunctionallyanalogoustoChinesenon-CVClphrasesandclassifytheseRECsintodifferentgroups:lightverbconstructions,cognateobjectconstructions,doubleobjectconstructionsandnominalandverbalexpressions.AnanalysisisalsomadeofthefeaturesoftheseclassesofEnglishconstructionsorexpressions.ItisfoundthatmostoftheRECsarerelatedtoeventnounstosomedegree.

Groundedontheabovediscussion,thispaperconductsacontrastivestudyoftheChinesenon-CVClphrasesandtheRECs,aimingtobringoutthedifferencesbetweenthemintermsofphrasestructure,semanticmeaningandsyntacticdistribution.Thefactorsresultinginthesedifferencesareanalyzedfromacognitiveperspective.ItisproposedthatthedifferencesbetweentheChineselanguageandtheEnglishlanguageatlargeinperspectivepositioningandprominenceselection,cognitivemechanismandscanningmodeconstitutetheunderlyingreasonsforthedifferentwaysofquantifyingeventsanddenotingactionsinthetwolanguages.

ABSTRACT

FollowingthequickenedpaceofChineseculture's”goingouttotheworld“,Chinesefilmsarealsostrivingtowalktowardtheworldtocompetewithothercountriesontheinternationalstage.Consequently,thesubtitlingofChinesefilmsintoforeignlanguageshasattractedincreasedscholarlyattentioninrecentyears.WhatroledoessubtitlingplayinpromotingChinesecultureexportation?Whatsubtitlingstrategiesshouldbeemployedtofulfillthisaim?TheanswertothesequestionscanperhapsbefoundinacasestudyofRedSorghum,thefirstmodernChinesefilmtohavewonaninternationalacclaim.MoYan'swinningtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein2012testifiestothisfilm'swidepopularityamongEnglish-speakingviewersanditsfar-reachingimpact.

ThisthesisaimstoexaminethestrategiesemployedintheEnglishsubtitlesofRedSorghumandtoanalyzewhysuchsubtitlingstrategiesaswereadoptedbythesubtitlersarebothjustifiedandinstrumentalinenhancingitswarmreceptionbyoverseasaudiences.Twotheoreticaltoolsareadoptedinthepresentstudy:oneissubtitlingtheoriesproposedbyGottliebanddevelopedbyDiaz-Cintasandothers;theotherisVermeer'sskopostheory.

TheIntroductionstatestheresearchbackground,aim,scopeandrationaleofthisstudy.ChapterTwoisacriticalreviewoftherelevantliteratureonthetopic.ChapterThreesummarizesthemainpointsofWesternsubtitlingtheoriesandskopostheory.

ChapterFourtriestodescribethegeneralshapeandfeaturesoftheEnglishsubtitlesofRedSorghuminthelightofsubtitlingstrategiesandconstraints.Itisfoundthatsuchstrategiesastransfer,paraphrase,condensation,decimation,deletion,expansion,imitationandresignationarefrequentlyemployedbythesubtitlers.Yetwhatistermed”reductivedomestication“strategy（R&Dstrategy）inthepresentthesisisthebasiconeadopted.ChapterFiveattemptstoexplainfromafunctionalistperspectivewhythesesubtitlingstrategies,especiallysomewhatradicaloneslikedeletion,condensation,rewriting,arejustifiedandwhyRedSorghumequippedwithsuchEnglishsubtitleswaswarmlyreceivedbyWesternaudiences.TheConclusiondiscussesthesignificantimplicationsofRedSorghum'ssuccessforChinesefilm's”goingabroad“.

ABSTRACT

Theterm”intertextuality“,whichwasintroducedbyFrenchliterarycriticsJuliaKristevainthe1960s,referstotherelationshipbetweentexts.Andithasbeeninthespotlightoftheacademicworldsinceitsdebut.Kristevaclaimsthateverytextisconstructedasamosaicofquotations;everytextistheabsorptionandtransportationofothertexts.Thetheoryofintertextualitynotonlybringsaboutgreatsocial,culturalandhistoricalsignificance,butalsostimulatesanewthoughtandarefreshingresearchperspectivefortheevolutionoftranslationtheory.

Biancheng,anovellathatexpressesthelocalism,isthemasterpieceofthefamousmodernChinesewriterShenCongwen.ThestoryhappenedinabordertownnamedChadongofXiangxiinthe1930s,anditdepictsthespeciallocalflavorofXiangxidistrict.Atthesametime,thenovelshowcasesthekindnessofthehumanityandthepurityofthesoulbydescribingthetragicstoryofagirlcalledCuicui.Thenovelhasattractedlotsofreadersathomeandabroadforitsuniqueartisticcharmandvividlocalflavor.

ThethesisdealswiththetworepresentativeEnglishversionsofBiancheng,oneisfromthefamousBritishtranslatorGladysYang,theotherisfromtheAmericansinologistJeffreyC.Kinkley.TheauthorengagesintheexplorationofhowtoapplythetheoryofintertextualitytothetranslationofnovelsfromtheoryandpracticeandtriestodigupanewperspectiveconcerningthetranslationstudiesofBianchengasanefforttoprovethefactthatthetheoryofintertextualitycannotonlybeviewedasepistemologybutalsobetakenasmethodologyfortheresearchofnoveltranslation.

Allinall,tworesearchmethodsareincludedinthisthesis.Firstandforemost,thecombinationofqualitativeanalysisandquantitativeanalysisrunsthroughthewholethesisinordertoreflectthefrequencydistributionforuseofdomesticationandforeignization;inaddition,thethesismainlyusesthecaseanalysis,especiallyinthemainbodypart.ItexpoundstheenlightenmentthetheoryofintertextualitybringstothenoveltranslationbycomparingdifferenttranslationsofthedifferentChineseculture-specificitems（CSI）intermsoflinguistic,material,social,religiousandecologicalculture.Thefeaturesoftheapplicationoftheintertextualityintothetranslationstudiesareasfollows:itpaysmuchmoreattentiontothetranslator'ssubjectivityandmanifeststhenatureoftranslationactivitiesasintertextualityinaclearerway.Thus,ithelpstobuildthenewintertextualconnectionsbetweenthesourcetextandthetargettextandprovidefreshnewtheoreticalsupportforthemacroscopicconstructionofthetranslationstudies.

Thisthesiscanbedividedintosixparts.

IntheIntroduction,theauthordisplaysabriefintroductionoftheresearchbackground,researchsignificance,themethodology,andthestructureofthethesisrespectively.

ChapterOneisthereviewofthepreviousstudiesonBianchenganditsEnglishtranslationsbothathomeandabroad.

ChapterTwoisprimarilyconcernedwiththeestablishmentanddevelopmentofthetheoryofintertextuality,andthentherelationshipbetweenthetheoryofintertextualityandtranslationwillbepresented.

ChapterThreeisaboutBianchenganditstwoEnglishtranslations.ItnotonlypresentsabriefintroductionofShenCongwen,butalsoelaboratesthedescriptionofthetwotranslators---GladysYangandJeffreyC.Kinkley.Meanwhile,itprovidesuswiththebackgroundinformationabouttheformationprocessofthesetwoEnglishversions.

ChapterFouristhemainbodyofthethesis.TheauthorinitiatesthecomparativestudyofthetwoEnglishversionsofBianchengbydetailedanalysisoffivedifferenttypesofculture-specificitems,namelylinguistic,material,social,religiousandecologicalculture,ThelastpartistheConclusion.TheauthorholdsthatBianchengcontainsalotofdifferenttypesofintertextualsignalsofChineseculture-specificitemswhichcanbetracedinotherprevioustexts.Atthesametime,becauseofthedifferentenvironmentandculturalbackground,thetwotranslatorssharedifferentunderstandingsontheintertextualsignalsofthoseculture-specificitems,resultinginthetwotranslators'

differentchoicesofdifferenttranslationstrategies.GladysYang'sversioninvolvesbothdomesticationandforeignization,andforeignizationoccupiesalargerpercentage.Asthisversiongotpublishedin1981,thereadersfromtheEnglishspeakingcountriescouldgraspthestyleandcontentofthetranslatedversioninaratherdifficultway;whileKinkley'sversionwasoutin2009,andhetendedtousemoreforeignizationthanthatofGladysYang,whichhelpedtomeettheneedsofthoseforeignreaderswhonotonlypossessedbasicknowledgeofChinaandChineseculture,butalsoyearnedforhavingabetterunderstandingofChineseculture.Inaddition,Kinkley'sversionsuccessfullymaintainedthelocalflavorofthesourcetext,helpstransmitChineseculturetotheworld,andmakingitaworthwhilematerialforfurtherstudy.

ABSTRACT

Withtherapiddevelopmentofglobalization,internationalacademicexchangeandcooperationareincreasinglystrengthened.Today,mostChineseuniversitieshaveprovidedEnglishwebpageprofilestodrawmoreattentionfromoverseastudents,foreignscholarsoracademicinstitutions.Universitywebpageprofile,asthecoreofthewholewebpage,playsasignificantroleinattractingforeignacademicexchangeandcooperationprograms.

Relyingonitsexcellentlocationandprosperouseconomy,Zhejiangprovincehasgeneratedmanyfamousuniversities.Inrecentyears,theseuniversitieshavealreadymadegreatachievementsininternationalacademicexchangeandcooperation.ButtherestillexistsomeerrorsintheC-Etranslationoftheirwebpageprofiles.

Theauthorchooseswebpageprofilesof20Zhejianguniversitiesassamples,andmeanwhileemployswebpageprofilesof10famousAmericanuniversitiesand10famousBritishuniversitiesasparalleltextstoconductthisstudyundertheguidanceofFunctionalTranslationTheory.ThestudyindicatesthattranslationerrorsinthewebpageprofilesofZhejianguniversitiescanbeclassifiedintofourtypes,namely:

pragmatictranslationerrors,culturaltranslationerrors,linguistictranslationerrorsandtextualtranslationerrors.Throughanalysisoftheseerrors,theauthorworksoutsomecountermeasuresincludingadditionandamplification,deletionandsimplification,rewriting,reconstructingtextstructureandimprovinginformationaccuracytocorrecttheseerrorsinhopetoimprovethequalityofwebpageprofilesofZhejianguniversities.