ABSTRACT
WilliamFaulknerisoneofthegreatestwritersinthe20thcentury.AsaleaderofAmerican“SouthernRenaissance”,hewontheNobelPrizeofliteraturein1949for“hispowerfulandartisticallyuniquecontributiontothemodernAmericannovel”.（Faulkner,1949）LightinAugustisoneofhismasterpieceswhichexploremoralthemesrelatedtothedeclineoftheoldSouth.Thisthesisprimarilyconcentratesonhard-to-defineidentityoftheprotagonist-JoeChristmaswiththeapplicationofthepost-colonialisttheory.
Identity,fromtheperspectiveofpost-colonialism,isadynamicprocessofconstructioninvolvedwithhistoricalandsocialelements.Itisneithernaturalnorstable,butinventedandconstructedoutside.Inthenovel,JoeChristmasisregardedasamulattosuspectbecauseofhisbirthriddle,despitethefactthatthereisnoclearevidenceabouthisuncertainty.Cagedwithintheracism-rootedsouthernsociety,Joe'suncertainidentitysetshimontothetragiclife,forthisambiguityitselfisathreattothestabilityofthecommunity.Ontheonehand,Joeisintheendlesspursuitofhisownidentityundertheinfluenceofsociety.Heissoobsessedwithlocatinghisownpositionandseekingthesenseofbelongingthathecannotfindpeaceindeepheart.Itturnsoutthatallhiseffortsfail,withoutsatisfactoryconsequences.Inacertainsense,Joecreatesthepredicamentforhimself.Havingfailedtoapplythestrategyofhybridityinpost-colonialismtofightbackthesociety,Joeisdoomedtobeostracizedandabandonedbythemainstreamwhitesociety.Heislikearoundpeginasquarehole,waveringbetweenthewhiteandtheblackcommunityallhislifetime.Ontheotherhand,thewholesocietyiskeentopindownJoe'sclearidentityinhisownwill,regardlessofJoe'sintention.Inahierarchicalsociety,itistheracialprejudiceanddifferentsocialpowersthatcreateandconstructJoeasapartnigger.
TherearefourchaptersinthethesisbesidesIntroductionandConclusionparts.
ChapterOneistheliteraturereviewofLightinAugustbothathomeandabroad.
ChapterTwogivesanoverviewofthepost-colonialisttheories,especiallytheoriesofidentityconstruction,whichconstitutesthetheoreticalfoundation.ChaptersThreeandFourarethemainbody,respectivelyanalyzingboththeinternalandexternalelementsofJoe'sidentitydilemmainthelightofthepost-colonialtheories.
Inconclusion,theindeterminacyofJoeChristmas'identitydemonstratesthattheessenceofidentityissueisnotwhetheroneisablackornot,butthesocialconstructionofidentityofhumanbeings.
ABSTRACT
Theterm“intertextuality”,whichwasintroducedbyFrenchliterarycriticsJuliaKristevainthe1960s,referstotherelationshipbetweentexts.Andithasbeeninthespotlightoftheacademicworldsinceitsdebut.Kristevaclaimsthateverytextisconstructedasamosaicofquotations;everytextistheabsorptionandtransportationofothertexts.Thetheoryofintertextualitynotonlybringsaboutgreatsocial,culturalandhistoricalsignificance,butalsostimulatesanewthoughtandarefreshingresearchperspectivefortheevolutionoftranslationtheory.
Biancheng,anovellathatexpressesthelocalism,isthemasterpieceofthefamousmodernChinesewriterShenCongwen.ThestoryhappenedinabordertownnamedChadongofXiangxiinthe1930s,anditdepictsthespeciallocalflavorofXiangxidistrict.Atthesametime,thenovelshowcasesthekindnessofthehumanityandthepurityofthesoulbydescribingthetragicstoryofagirlcalledCuicui.Thenovelhasattractedlotsofreadersathomeandabroadforitsuniqueartisticcharmandvividlocalflavor.
ThethesisdealswiththetworepresentativeEnglishversionsofBiancheng,oneisfromthefamousBritishtranslatorGladysYang,theotherisfromtheAmericansinologistJeffreyC.Kinkley.TheauthorengagesintheexplorationofhowtoapplythetheoryofintertextualitytothetranslationofnovelsfromtheoryandpracticeandtriestodigupanewperspectiveconcerningthetranslationstudiesofBianchengasanefforttoprovethefactthatthetheoryofintertextualitycannotonlybeviewedasepistemologybutalsobetakenasmethodologyfortheresearchofnoveltranslation.
Allinall,tworesearchmethodsareincludedinthisthesis.Firstandforemost,thecombinationofqualitativeanalysisandquantitativeanalysisrunsthroughthewholethesisinordertoreflectthefrequencydistributionforuseofdomesticationandforeignization;inaddition,thethesismainlyusesthecaseanalysis,especiallyinthemainbodypart.ItexpoundstheenlightenmentthetheoryofintertextualitybringstothenoveltranslationbycomparingdifferenttranslationsofthedifferentChineseculture-specificitems（CSI）intermsoflinguistic,material,social,religiousandecologicalculture.Thefeaturesoftheapplicationoftheintertextualityintothetranslationstudiesareasfollows:itpaysmuchmoreattentiontothetranslator'ssubjectivityandmanifeststhenatureoftranslationactivitiesasintertextualityinaclearerway.Thus,ithelpstobuildthenewintertextualconnectionsbetweenthesourcetextandthetargettextandprovidefreshnewtheoreticalsupportforthemacroscopicconstructionofthetranslationstudies.
Thisthesiscanbedividedintosixparts.
IntheIntroduction,theauthordisplaysabriefintroductionoftheresearchbackground,researchsignificance,themethodology,andthestructureofthethesisrespectively.
ChapterOneisthereviewofthepreviousstudiesonBianchenganditsEnglishtranslationsbothathomeandabroad.
ChapterTwoisprimarilyconcernedwiththeestablishmentanddevelopmentofthetheoryofintertextuality,andthentherelationshipbetweenthetheoryofintertextualityandtranslationwillbepresented.
ChapterThreeisaboutBianchenganditstwoEnglishtranslations.ItnotonlypresentsabriefintroductionofShenCongwen,butalsoelaboratesthedescriptionofthetwotranslators---GladysYangandJeffreyC.Kinkley.Meanwhile,itprovidesuswiththebackgroundinformationabouttheformationprocessofthesetwoEnglishversions.
ChapterFouristhemainbodyofthethesis.TheauthorinitiatesthecomparativestudyofthetwoEnglishversionsofBianchengbydetailedanalysisoffivedifferenttypesofculture-specificitems,namelylinguistic,material,social,religiousandecologicalculture,ThelastpartistheConclusion.TheauthorholdsthatBianchengcontainsalotofdifferenttypesofintertextualsignalsofChineseculture-specificitemswhichcanbetracedinotherprevioustexts.Atthesametime,becauseofthedifferentenvironmentandculturalbackground,thetwotranslatorssharedifferentunderstandingsontheintertextualsignalsofthoseculture-specificitems,resultinginthetwotranslators'
differentchoicesofdifferenttranslationstrategies.GladysYang'sversioninvolvesbothdomesticationandforeignization,andforeignizationoccupiesalargerpercentage.Asthisversiongotpublishedin1981,thereadersfromtheEnglishspeakingcountriescouldgraspthestyleandcontentofthetranslatedversioninaratherdifficultway;whileKinkley'sversionwasoutin2009,andhetendedtousemoreforeignizationthanthatofGladysYang,whichhelpedtomeettheneedsofthoseforeignreaderswhonotonlypossessedbasicknowledgeofChinaandChineseculture,butalsoyearnedforhavingabetterunderstandingofChineseculture.Inaddition,Kinkley'sversionsuccessfullymaintainedthelocalflavorofthesourcetext,helpstransmitChineseculturetotheworld,andmakingitaworthwhilematerialforfurtherstudy.
Abstract
Withthedevelopmentofopticalnetworks,thearchitectureofopticalnetworkbecomemoreandmorecomplex,sothedemandtoestablishmonitoringnetworkforopticalnetworkisurgentandnecessary.Traditionalopticalnetworkmonitoringsystemfocusedontheterminalofequipment,taketheformofprotectionswitchingwhenthebreakdownofnetworktokeeptheintegrityofthenetwork,butthismethodcannotgivethetypeandlocationofbreakdowninopticcable.“Multi-fiblemonitoringsystem”isproposedtosolvethisproblem.
Thissystem,basedontheprincipleofbackscatter,consistsofOTDRblock,opticalswitching,computers,embeddedoperatingsystemsetc.Itestablishesamonitoringsystemwhichcouldefficientlymanagethecomplexopticalnetworks.Inthisthesis,itfirstlyintroducesthepresentresearchbackgroundofOTDR,describestheopticalprincipleoffibermeasurementandthestructureofmoderndigitalOTDRblock;thenitgivesthearchitectureofthefibermonitoringsystemwhichconsistofMCU,OTDRblock,opticalswitching,Ethernetandmanagementsoftware;atlastitmainlyintroducestheself-defineprotocols,withtheseprotocolswecanrequestmeasurement,modifyIPaddressofMCU,switchthefiberlinkwemeasured,cancelthemeasurementandstoretheresultofmeasurement.meanwhileitsmonitoringfunctionhasnoimpactonthenetworkscommunicationanditcoulddiscoverthepotentialthreattoopticalnetworksbysettingofmanagementsoftware,promotingthereliabilityandstabilityofopticalnetwork.
Abstract
ThepaperregardsTHEDRESSCODEasthetheoreticalbasis,systematicallyresearchingandfinishingtheman'sshirtcustomcultureconnotationandprocess.Throughthedomesticon-the-spotinvestigationandforeignonlinesurveytheauthorgetstoknowshirt'scustomstatusquo,combingandsummarizingtherelevantliteratureindifferentcountries,andsummedupthebasictheoriesandmethodsofshirtcustomizationsystem.
THEDRESSCODEisthebasicruleofinternationalsocietyandluxuryculture.Itcontainsrulesofclothingandclothingofpractice.InTHEDRESSCODEsystem,isdividedintofourtypes:formaldress,informaldress,outdoorclothingandcoats.Shirtisindispensabletotheformaldressandinformaldressaswell,whichisthemaintypeofoutdoorclothing.Innerwearshirtgoeswithformaldressandinformaldress,whicharedividedintodressshirtandbusinessshirt.ThedressshirtincludesTailcoatdressshirt,Tuxedodressshirt,Morningcoatdressshirt,Director'ssuitdressshirt;Businessshirtincludesformalshirt,businesscasualshirt.Outdoorclothingincludescasualshirtandsportshirt.Theyallhavespecialexpressionlanguageandstandardizetheshape.Forshirtshowstastycharacteristicsandrulescanbeseenwhenwearingit,whichcontainsmorethanjustapieceofclothing.Itisrestrainedtodemonstratethefamilyofanassortmentofshirts,the“familyrules”todeterminethebasicrulesofcustomshirtindustryandpath.Thesystemalwaysshowsmen'sshirtcharacters,intentionallyorunintentionallyandleadstosocialethicsandcorrection.Thepaperaimedateachsortofcustomshirt'sgentlemanculture,shapecharacteristics,choiceofcolors,fabrics,accessoriesandsocialregulationhascarriedonthedetailedreading,translation,analysisandsorting,andthenestablishedagentlemanshirtcustomizationsystembasedonTHEDRESSCODE.DesignedtoprovideareliabletheoreticalbasisandsuccessfulcasesshirtinChinacustomindustryandenhancetheinternationalbrandofrelatedresearch.
Abstract
Patentdocumentationstranslationplaysanimportantroleforthespreadingandexchangingofscientificinformation.Asanimportantcomponentofpatentdocumentations,thetranslationoftermshasasignificanteffectonthetranslationqualityofpatentdocumentations.
Atpresent,machinetranslationmethodhasbeenfullydeveloped,variouskindsoftranslationsystemsemergedoneafteranother.Whentranslatorstranslatethetermsinthepatentdocumentations,theyoftentranslatethemwiththehelpofthesetranslationsystems.
Atthesametime,intheprocessoftranslationforpatentdocumentations,translatorswillproducelargetranslationexamplesstoredinthetermexamplelibraryandcanuseittooptimizetheresultsfromthetranslationsystems,therebyprovidebetterreferenceforthetranslatorstoassistthemtranslatetheterm.
ThispaperpresentsanautomaticEnglish-Chinesetermtranslationmethodbasedonmulti-strategy.Theworkofthisthesismainlyconsistsoftwopartsasfollows:
Firstly,throughanalyzingthecharacteristicsofterms,thispaperintroducedthreekindsoffeaturesthatadequatelydescribetermtranslationfluency,compactnessandloyalty,namelytermwordformationfeature,mutualinformationfeatureandtermexamplelibraryfeature.
Thesethreefeaturesarecombinedwithbasicfeatures,andregressionalgorithminmachinelearningisusedtopredictthetranslationqualitysoastoselectthebestresult.
Secondly,thispaperoptimizedthetermtranslationresultswithlowqualityscoresbythetermexamplelibrary.Stringsimilarityalgorithmisusedtofindseveraltermtranslationexamplesthatarehighlysimilartothesourcelanguageofthetermtobeoptimizedinthetermexamplelibrary.Accordingtothetargetlanguageoftheseexamplesandthetranslationofthetermtobeoptimized,atranslationgridisconstructed.Withtranslationmodelfeatureandlanguagemodelfeature,theViterbidecodingalgorithmisadoptedtosearchatopscoringpathinthegrid,therebygenerateanewtermtranslation.
Onthebasisoftheabovework,anEnglish-Chinesetermtranslationsystembasedonmulti-strategyisconstructed.Experimentalresultsshowthatthemethodachievesgoodperformanceintermtranslationqualityestimationandtermtranslationoptimization.Thesystemcanhelptranslatortotranslatethetermofpatentdocumentations.
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