ABSTRACT
Thisthesisfocusesontheforeignchildren'sliteraturetranslation（FCLT）intheLateQingDynasty（1898-1911）。Undertheguidanceofpolysystemtheory,thisthesisattemptstoworkoutthecomplicatednetworkofrelationsunderlyingthephenomenon.
Inthisway,theemphasisofthisstudyisputontherelationshipbetweenFCLTandsystemsincludingsocialbackground,thecanonizedliteratureandchildren'sliteratureintheLateQingDynasty.Onthebasisofthis,thestudycomestoaconclusionaboutthepositionassumedandthefunctionservedbyFCLTintheLateQingDynasty.
Besides“Introduction”and“Conclusion”,thisthesisconsistsofthreechapters.
“Introduction”mainlydealswiththeresearchbackground,themethodsemployedaswellasthesignificanceofthisstudy;Thefirstchapteristheliteraturereviewonthestudiesofthechildren'sliteratureandFCLTintheLateQingDynasty;Thesecondchaptertakespolysystemtheoryasthetheoreticalfoundationofthisstudy;ThethirdchapteristhemainbodyofthisthesisinwhichadetailedanalysisofFCLTonthebasisofpolysystemtheoryispresentedintermsoftherelationshipbetweenFCLTandtheabove-mentionedthreesystemsintheLateQingDynasty.Atlast,aconclusionismadeaboutthestatusofFCLTintheLateQingDynasty.Inaddition,limitationsofthisstudyarepointedoutandsuggestionsforfurtherstudygiven.
AsfortherelationshipbetweensocialbackgroundandFCLTintheLateQingDynasty,amacrostudyofthelattershowsthatFCLTmadeitsfirstappearanceintheLateQingDynastytomeettheneedofthesociety.Inaddition,undertheinfluenceofthecomplicatedsituationofthesociety,itdisplaysdiversityintermsofmotivations,translatorsaswellastargetreaders.However,despitethefactthatquiteanumberofworksweretranslatedtofulfillthetranslator'sattempttoarouseasenseofpatriotismamongreadersortospreadChristianity,thereexistedworkstranslatedparticularlyforchildren.ThisisunprecedentedintheChinesehistory.Furthermore,thosetranslationswithaninitialgoalofspreadingChristianityturnedouttobeagoodsourceofchildren'sbooksinbothcontentandlanguageduringthosedays.Meanwhile,someothertranslations,suchassciencefiction,althoughnotregardingchildrenasthetargetreaders,werewidelyfavoredbychildren.WithregardtotherelationshipbetweenthecanonizedliteratureandFCLTintheLateQingDynasty,amicrostudyofthesetranslationsrevealsthatthecanonizedliteraturehasexertedagreatinfluenceonthetranslationintermsoftheselectionofworksandthetranslatingstrategies.Inaddition,newelementswerealsointroducedintothetargetcultureviathesetranslations.Asaresult,goingagainstthetheoryaboutthepositionoftranslatedliteratureinthetargetcultureraisedbyEven-Zohar,FCLTintheLateQingDynastynotonlyemployedtheoldpatternsinthecanonizedliteraturebutalsointroducednewtypesfromthesourceculture.ConcerningtherelationshipbetweenFCLTandchildren'sliteratureintheLateQingDynasty,thesetranslationsnotonlyconstitutedalargeshareofchildren'sliteraturebutalsopromotedtheproductionofworksforchildrenbydomesticwriters.
BasedontheabovestudyoftherelationshipbetweenFCLTintheLateQingDynastyandthethreesystems,thethesiscomestotheconclusionthatatasynchronicallevelthetranslationresultedfromtheneedofthesocietyandfullyexposedthecomplicatedsituationofthesocialbackground.Inaddition,itnotonlyfollowedtheoldpatternsinthecanonizedliteraturebutalsobroughtinnewelementsfromthesourceculture.Atadiachroniclevel,FCLTintheLateQingDynasty,togetherwithworkscomposedforchildrenbydomesticwritersthen,symbolizesthetransitionofattitudetowardschildrenandtheadventofChinesechildren'sliterature.
Abstract
BaseNPisarelativelysimplestructureofsyntaxelements,whichcontainsrelativelycompletesemanticinformation.BaseNPiswidelyusedandplaysanimportantroleinsentence.RealizationandtranslationofBaseNPautomaticallywillhelptounderstanddifferentlanguages.RecognitionandtranslationofRussianBaseNPissignificantandvaluableforcross-languageretrieval,machinetranslationandotherapplications.
ThispaperlearntandsummarizedlanguageandgrammaticalfeaturesofRussian,andrealizedtherecognitionofRussianBaseNounPhrasesbasedontheideaofcombiningrulesandstatisticalmethod.Besides,amethodofbuildingtrainingcorpusforCRFautomaticallyisproposedtosavethecostofannotatingcorpusmanually.Ontheotherhand,atranslationmethodexplicitlyusedRussianlanguagefeature,whichisimplicitinRussianwordswithformchanges,improvedtranslationqualityofRussiantranslationBaseNP.Themainworksincludethefollowingaspects:
Firstly,realizedtherecognitionofRussianBaseNounPhrasesbasedontheideaofcombiningrulesandstatistics,andforthelackandannotationcostofRussiancorpus,proposedamethodtobuildcorpusautomatically,whichisbasedonRussian-Chinesedictionaryandpatternlibraryofspeechcollocation.ThemethodbuildstrainingcorpusforCRFautomaticallyandgetsthemodeltorecognizeBaseNPafterlabelingbasedonpatternlibraryofspeechcollocationfollowingtheprincipleofMaximumMatching.
Secondly,amethodofRussianBaseNPtranslationbasedonimplicitknowledgeisproposed.The“implicitknowledge”isRussianlanguagefeaturewhichisreflectedaswordformchanges.Suchasspeech,case,gender,number,etc.ByexplicitlyrepresentingRussianlanguagefeatureinthecorpus,datasparsenesscanbesolvedtoalargeextent,moreover,wordalignmentresultscanbeimprovedinacertaindegree,andthetranslationqualityofRussianBaseNPcanbeenhancedultimately.
TheFvalueofRussianBaseNPrecognitionmethodofthisarticleis84.14%,whichisonthebasisofcorpusannotationcostsaving.TheBLEUoftranslationbyusingoflanguagefeaturesis0.4257,increasedbyabout10percentagepointshigherthanthetraditionalphrase-basedmachinetranslationmethod.
Abstract
Categorization,asanimportanttheoryincognitivelinguistics,referstohumans1mentalprocessofclassificationunderinteractionofobjectiveelementsandsubjectivepsychology.
Withprofoundpsychologicalbasis,categorizationhascertaintheoreticalandpracticalvaluetotranslationstudy.TakingShuihuzhuananditstwoEnglishversionsascorpusdata,thisthesisintendstostudylexicalre-categorizationandtranslationfromtheperspectiveofcontemporarycategorizationtheory.
DatingbacktoClassicalTheoryputforwardbyAristotle,prototypicalcategorytheoryisgraduallymoldedinthedevelopmentofcategorizationwiththepoint-makingsuchas“familyresemblance”and“foci”.Prototypicalcategorizationtheoryholdsthatthereexistsaprototypeineachkindofcategory.
Therearethreelevelsofcategory:basiclevelcategory,subordinatelevelcategory,andsuperordinatelevelcategory.Comparedwiththeothertwolevels,basiclevelcategorygetsarelativelycentralposition,whichismorecommoninourperceptionalprocess.
Basedonthenotionclaimedbycognitivelinguiststhatwordshavecognitiveandpsychologicalfoundation,thenatureofwordstranslationisaprocesscontainingtheswitchingofcognitivecategoriesbetweenlanguages.DrawingmaterialsfromShuihuzhuananditsEnglishversionsrespectivelybyPearlBuckandDent-Yang,thisthesismainlystudiesthetransferoflexicalcategoryinEnglishandChinese.Lexicalcategoryinthethesisprincipallyincludesthreetypes:generalcategorylikecolorterms,soundimitation,unitterms,actions;culture-specificcategoryasecologicalculture,materialculture,socialculture,religiouscultureandlinguisticculture;andalsocategoryextension,containingmetaphorandmetonymy.Inadditiontothese,lexicalcategorycanbeusedasatextualcohesivedevice.Langacker'sS,TscanningmodelisreferredtoexplainthefourtranslationoutcomesofPearlBuckandDent-Yang,whichcanbeconcludedas:S>T（overtranslaion）；S ThethesishasstudiedthetranslationdifferenceofthelexicalcategoriesbetweenDent-Yang'sworkandPearlBuck'sbasedonthequalitativeandquantitativecomparison.TheoutcomeshowsthatPearlBuckhasdonearelativelybetterjobintermsofthelexicalcategoriestranslationwithhigherfrequencyofequivalenttranslationandlowerfrequencyofovertranslationandundertranslation.However,therearecertaininadequaciesinBuck'stranslationwithahigherfrequencyofmistranslationandnon-translation.Thedifferenceresultsaremainlyduetothedifferentunderstandingstothesourcetextandthedifferenttranslationstrategies'adoption. Abstract CipoemsareagreattreasureofChineseclassicliteraryandoccupyauniqueplaceinliteraryhistory.Translationsofcipoemsareabundant,amongwhichXuYuanchong's100TangandSongCiPoemsismorecomprehensive,foritcoversthetwodynastiesinwhichcipoemsdevelopedgreatly.Centeringontheactualizationoftheaestheticmotivations,thisthesisexaminesthetranslationofcipoemsbyXuYuanchongfromthesemioticperspective. Semioticsisanindependentdiscipline,andwiththedevelopmentofinterdisplineiystudy,itisappliedtotranslation,butlimitedinresearch.Asholisticandeffectiveasitmightbe,semioticsisbelievedtobethemostcomprehensivesystemtoanalyzesigns,especiallyinpoetrytranslation.Thethesiswillapplythismethodologyandstudyaestheticmotivationunderlyingtranslationsofthe100cipoemsatthreelevels:phonologicalmotivation,syntacticmotivationandsemanticmotivation. Througharoughanalysisoftiie100cipoems,semiotics'sfunctionasaneffectivemethodologyhasbeenlargelyfulfilled.Inthestudyofsemanticmotivation,semioticsistakenasapowerfulanalytictool.Andinthestudyofphonologicalmotivationandsyntacticmotivation,thesemioticrationaleandtheoreticalperspectiveisapplied.Phonologicalmotivation,syntacticmotivationandsemanticmotivationareallrealizedtoalargeextentinXuYuanchong'stranslation,sohistranslationissuccessfulintheactualizationofaestheticmotivationonthewhole.Thedegreeoftherealizationofsyntacticmotivationisthehighestamongthethreewhilethedegreeofphonologicalmotivationisthelowest.TheresearchresultshowsthatXuYuanchonghasstrictlyfollowedhistranslationtheoryof“beautyinsense,insoundandinform”inhistranslationpractice.
13888888888
点击咨询 