Abstract
LouiseErdrichisoneofthemostprolificandimportantwritersofcontemporaryNativeAmericanliterature.In2012,hernewnovelTheRoundHousewaspublishedtotheintensiveattentionfromcriticsandgeneralreadershipalike.ThenovelwontheNationalBookAward.
TheRoundHouseiscenteredonarapecase,tellingastoryofstrivingtosurvivewhilepursuingjusticethroughthejungleofdiscriminationanddespair.ErdrichdrawsfromOjibwemyths,storytellingtechniqueandskillfullymergewithwesternmainstreamculturetoexplorethemessuchassubversiontocolonialdiscourse,thelossandreconstructionofethnicidentity.
Inthisthesis,postcolonialtheoryisappliedtoanalyzethelossandreconstructionofethnicidentityofthenativepeopleandLouiseErdrich'sstrategiestoresistwhitecolonialdiscourse.TotheNativesstrugglingbetweentwoculturesandtraditions,thelossofidentityisinevitable,yetitispossibleandnecessaryforthemtoreconstructtheirethnicidentity.
Throughthenovel,Erdrichshowshowdifferentcharactersmakeeffortstoreconstructethnicidentity,representthenationalself-esteemandsubvertthewhitehegemony.Throughanalyzingthetextandthestrategiesoftheauthor,thethesissuggeststhewaytoreconstructethnicidentity-surpasstheethnicboundary,recuperatetraditionalculture,embracehybridity,mixwithadvancedcultureofthemainstreamsocietyandmakechangesaccordinglytogainabettergroundforsurvivalandthriving.
Thethesisfirstintroducestheresearchbackground,theorganization,andthesignificanceofaninterpretationofTheRoundHousefromtheperspectiveofpostcolonialismandtheobjectofthethesis.ThenitpresentsthecriticalreviewsonLouiseErdrich'sworksfromthreeperspectives.Besides,itprovidesabriefintroductiontothedevelopmentandmainframeofpostcolonialism,amongwhichEdwardSaid'snotionof“otherness”,GayatriSpivak'snotionof“subaltern”andHomiBhabha'snotionof“hybridity”arethekeytermsemployedinthethesis.Thecentralpartofthethesisisdevotedtoanalyzingthelossandreconstructionofethnicidentityembodiedinthelivesofdifferentcharacters.Intheconclusionpart,thethesisrevealsthatforpeoplelivingbetweentwocultures,neitherretreatingtothetraditionnoryieldingtothewhitesocietyisagoodchoice.Inthemulticulturalworld,thenativepeopleshouldunitethecommunitypowertoembracehybridityandrecuperatebrillianttraditionalculture.Onlyinthisway,cantheysurviveandreconstructtheirethnicidentitysuccessfully.
ABSTRACT
Thepresentstudy,whichisbasedontheCompetingValuesFramework（i.e.CVF:aframeworktoidentifytheorganizationaleffectivenessandtodefineorganizationalculture），aimstoinvestigateEnglishteachers,teachingmotivationatuniversities,theirperceptionoftheorganizationalcultureinthetargetuniversity,theirprofessionalaspirationandhowtheyaffecteachother.Theresearchquestionstobeaddressedareasfollows:（1）HowdotheEnglishteachersperceivetheorganizationalcultureattheirworkplace?（2）Howmucheffortwilltheteacherspayfortheirprofessionalengagementandaspiration?（3）WhatkindsofmotivationdotheEnglishteachersinthetargetuniversityappeartohave?（4）Howwilltheorganizationalcultureandthepreviousexperienceaffectteachers'motivation?
Thisstudyemployedfourdifferentquestionnairesastheresearchinstruments,includingonedemographicquestionnaireandthreeresearchquestionnaires,i.e.thedemographicquestionnaire,theOrganizationalCultureAssessmentInstrument（i.e.theOCAI）（Cameron&Quinn,1999），theProfessionalEngagementandCareerDevelopmentAspiration-scale（i.e.thePECDA-scale）（Watt&Richardson,2008b），andtheWorkTasksMotivationScaleforTeachersTeaching（i.e.theWTMST）（Fernetetal.,2008），toinvestigatetheabovementionedresearchquestions.Thewholeinvestigationtookroughly12weeksandinvolvedthreestages:thepreparationstage,thepilotstudy,andthemainstudy.
Thefindingsofthepresentstudyshowthatmostoftheteachersareintrinsicallymotivatedandwithidentifiedregulationinfluencedbytheperformancecultureandtheclanculturewhicharethedominantculturetypesofthetargetresearchsite.Resultsalsoindicatethattheoverseasexperienceandlengthofteachingexperienceaffectteachers'
perceptionoftixeorganizationalcultureandmotivation.Theparticipantswhohaveoverseasexperiencetendtobemorewiththesenseofprofessionalism,moreintrinsicallymotivatedandbemoreconfidentwiththeircompetenceintheacademicarea;andtheoneswhohavelongeryearsofteachingexperiencearewithmoreidentifiedregulationandintrojectedmotivationandaremorecommittedandmoreassuredofstayingintheeducationfield.Theparticipantsinthetargetuniversitybasicallybelongtothehighlyengagedpersisters,andthemaleteachersexpecttobetheleadership.
Abstract
Categorization,asanimportanttheoryincognitivelinguistics,referstohumans1mentalprocessofclassificationunderinteractionofobjectiveelementsandsubjectivepsychology.
Withprofoundpsychologicalbasis,categorizationhascertaintheoreticalandpracticalvaluetotranslationstudy.TakingShuihuzhuananditstwoEnglishversionsascorpusdata,thisthesisintendstostudylexicalre-categorizationandtranslationfromtheperspectiveofcontemporarycategorizationtheory.
DatingbacktoClassicalTheoryputforwardbyAristotle,prototypicalcategorytheoryisgraduallymoldedinthedevelopmentofcategorizationwiththepoint-makingsuchas“familyresemblance”and“foci”.Prototypicalcategorizationtheoryholdsthatthereexistsaprototypeineachkindofcategory.
Therearethreelevelsofcategory:basiclevelcategory,subordinatelevelcategory,andsuperordinatelevelcategory.Comparedwiththeothertwolevels,basiclevelcategorygetsarelativelycentralposition,whichismorecommoninourperceptionalprocess.
Basedonthenotionclaimedbycognitivelinguiststhatwordshavecognitiveandpsychologicalfoundation,thenatureofwordstranslationisaprocesscontainingtheswitchingofcognitivecategoriesbetweenlanguages.DrawingmaterialsfromShuihuzhuananditsEnglishversionsrespectivelybyPearlBuckandDent-Yang,thisthesismainlystudiesthetransferoflexicalcategoryinEnglishandChinese.Lexicalcategoryinthethesisprincipallyincludesthreetypes:generalcategorylikecolorterms,soundimitation,unitterms,actions;culture-specificcategoryasecologicalculture,materialculture,socialculture,religiouscultureandlinguisticculture;andalsocategoryextension,containingmetaphorandmetonymy.Inadditiontothese,lexicalcategorycanbeusedasatextualcohesivedevice.Langacker'sS,TscanningmodelisreferredtoexplainthefourtranslationoutcomesofPearlBuckandDent-Yang,whichcanbeconcludedas:S>T（overtranslaion）；S ThethesishasstudiedthetranslationdifferenceofthelexicalcategoriesbetweenDent-Yang'sworkandPearlBuck'sbasedonthequalitativeandquantitativecomparison.TheoutcomeshowsthatPearlBuckhasdonearelativelybetterjobintermsofthelexicalcategoriestranslationwithhigherfrequencyofequivalenttranslationandlowerfrequencyofovertranslationandundertranslation.However,therearecertaininadequaciesinBuck'stranslationwithahigherfrequencyofmistranslationandnon-translation.Thedifferenceresultsaremainlyduetothedifferentunderstandingstothesourcetextandthedifferenttranslationstrategies'adoption.
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