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教学论文

《通过汉译英练习,多方位促进学生语言习得》

作者:戴林

工作单位:湖北省咸宁市咸安区咸宁高中

通讯地址:湖北省咸宁市咸安区永安大道28号

邮编:437000

联系:0715-8189866

电子:xndailin@tom.

原创性声明

本人郑重声明:所呈交的教学论文,是本人独立进行研究工作所取得的研究成果.除文中已经标明引用的内容外,本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果.对本文的研究做出贡献的个人和集体,均已在文中以明确方式标明.本声明的法律结果由本人承担.

作者签名: 戴林 日期:2016-7-7

通过汉译英练习,多方位促进学生语言习得

【内容摘 要 】汉译英练习是一种培养学生对词汇,语法,句型的综合运用能力的方式,训练的是学生对知识的积淀与再现能力.教学中适当地借助汉译英练习,可以帮助学生克服汉语思维及表达习惯对英语学习的干扰,帮助学生记忆词汇,掌握语法,提高书面表达能力.

【关 键 词 】英语教学,汉译英,语言习得

引言

汉译英练习是教师为了检查学生对基本词汇,句型,语法等的掌握情况,提高学生英语书面表达能力及综合运用语言能力而经常采用的训练手段之一.随着英语课程改革的步步深入,汉译英练习这种侧重句法,高于词汇,低于语篇,但又衔接了词汇语篇的形式,也越来越受到重视.人教版SEFC教材基本每个单元都针对本单元出现的新的单词及短语配备了汉译英练习,但是这个练习系统性不强,且难度时大时小,不符合学生学习的实际情况.因此,根据教学实践中联系学生实际,结合现阶段学习内容,设计形式多样,科学合理的汉译英练习,以提高学生综合运用语言能力,是很有必要的.

教学中汉译英练习的具体操作方式

精心设计汉译英练习,促进学生词汇习得

(1)穿针引线,串联高频词汇

SEFC教材的每个单元都有大量的词汇需要学生准确记忆并灵活运用.在每个单元学完之后的巩固练习中,我特别注意将单元当中的重点词汇融汇在一个句子中,通过翻译训练,检测学生对目标词汇的掌握程度.如:

① 那个逃跑的奴隶被主人抓回来,差点被打死.

The runaway slave was caught by his owner and nearly beaten to death.

② 乍一看,他的想法很可笑.

At first sight, his idea was ridiculous.

③ 阿姆斯特朗一踏上月球就宣布月球属于全人类.

The moment Armstrong set foot in the moon, he announced that the moon belongs to all the people.

(划线部分为单元出现的新词汇)

(2)积极思维,拓展词汇搭配

SEFC教材中有很多一词多义的单词.如果通过教师给出例句,然后学生背诵例句的方式,无疑教学效果不是很好,于是我采用翻译句子的方式,为同一词汇的多个词义设计相应语境,学生自己动手翻译,通过亲身实践掌握词汇的具体用法.如conduct这个高频词,我给出了以下句子让学生翻译:

这个有经验的导游带领从农村来的游客参观博物馆.

The experienced guide conducted the tourists from rural areas around the museum.

这些铜制的电线质量很好,很导电.

The electric wires made of copper are of high quality, which conduct electricity very well.

周六晚上的音乐会将由一位举世闻名的指挥来指挥.

The concert on Saturday evening will be conducted by a world-famous conductor.

对一个小孩来说让他在重要场合表现得体有点难.

It's difficult for a kid to behave well on the solemn occation.

报纸正在针对司机对警察的态度做调查

The newspapar is conducting a survey on drivers' attitudes to the police.

2. 精心设计汉译英练习,促进学生语法习得

(1 ) 机械翻译,体验语法结构

语法教学的三个基本环节就是机械训练,有意义训练及交际性训练.因此采用汉译英形式进行机械训练是掌握语法结构的第一步.如SEFC的Unit16 Book1有这么一个句型是学生要掌握的:Having realized that I could use a kite to attract lightning,I decided to do an experiment.这个句子是用现在完成时的ing形式表示此动作发生在主句的谓语动作之前.我让学生把本单元的词汇与语法结合起来,翻译下列的句子:

日以继夜地劳作十年后,马蒂尔德终于还清了债务.

Having worked day and night for ten years, Mathilde paid off her debts.

彩排了几次之后,我肯定我们可以表演成功.

Having rehearsed the play for several times, I am sure that we can perform it successfully.

③ 做了大量实验之后,富兰克林想要表明闪电和电是一样的.

Having conducted a number of experiments, Franklin wanted to show that lightning and electricity are the same.

(2)拓展翻译,巩固语法运用

学生仅仅掌握这个句型并不能保证他们在具体的语言环境中就可以灵活准确地运用,因此有必要进行适当的拓展.除现在完成时的ing表示这个动作发生在主句谓语动作之前外,现在完成时的不定式结构也可以表示同样的意思.因此,我又编排了下面的练习.

① 贝尔被当成是的发明人.

Bell is considered to have invented the telephone.

报道中说谁打破了110米栏世界纪录

Who was reported to have broken the world record in the 110-metre hurdle race

这个男孩很自豪能够用他的急救知识救了他爸爸的命.

The boy was very proud to have saved his father with his first aid knowledge.

3. 精心设计汉译英练习,促进学生写作习得

写作是通过书面形式传递和交流信息的重要方式,是一个语言输出过程.但是由于学生语言知识的匮乏及表达技能的欠缺,以及中西方思维模式的差异,学生很容易根据汉语的表达习惯写出不符合英语表达习惯的句子.汉译英有助于克服汉语思维及表达习惯对英语学习的干扰,可以使学生有意识地在英汉两种语言的对比中认识到二者不同的特点和规律,把汉语对英语的干扰作用变为促进作用.并且通过汉译英练习降低写作难度,消除学生对写作的畏惧感,有意识地培养学生用英语交流思维的能力,

我们可以通过以下一些方式以汉译英的形式进行英语的写作训练.

(1)同根词汇转换,发散思维广度

英语中有很多同根词,通过掌握含有这些词汇的固定句型,可以帮助我们在合适的场合准确地运用语言.比如believe这个单词就可以通过添加前后缀变化词性,每个词性都可以有不同的搭配.教师可以把这些形式综合在一起让学生通过翻译进行比较,掌握其灵活多变的运用形式.

① 与人们认为的它永不沉没的看法相反,泰坦尼克号第一次航行就沉了.

Contrary to the belief that it was an unsinkable ship, the Titanic sank on its first voyage.

② 生物工程师们广为相信的是,总有一天可以在实验室条件下创造出人.

There is a wide-spread belief among bioengineers that it will one day be possible to create life under laboratory conditions.

③ 这个哭着的孩子跑向他妈妈,相信妈妈可以保护他.

The crying kid ran to his mother in the belief that she could protect him.

④ 人们坚信健康重于财富.

It is strongly believed that health is above wealth.

⑤ 难以置信的是三星堆遗址占地竟达12平方公里.

It is unbelievable that Sanxingdui Ruins Site covers a vast area of about 12 square kilometres.

⑥ 吉姆坚信新鲜空气及早操有益处.

Jim believes in fresh air and morning exercises.

(2)积累典型句型,拓展思维宽度

在教学中,教师精选一些句型,并及时让学生恰当地运用,可以达到事半功倍的效果.在教材SEFC Book2B 中就有很多优美的语句介绍美国南部自内战以来的巨大变化,如:There were signs that等, All his efforts were not in vain, The people of等were determined to make a new beginning, The city saw a series of等, All their efforts were not in vain, The eyes of the world were on等, The city was proud to display its new image to the whole world, There were signs that等等.恰好我们所居住的城市咸宁刚刚举办完"首届温泉国际文化旅游节",借此良机,我布置学生写一篇作文,要求把这篇课文中的经典句子恰如其分地用到文章中,生动描绘咸宁人民为成功举办旅游节所做的努力及取得的成功.学生只要把这些句子串联起来,把句子按逻辑关系组成一篇短文,加上适当的连接词,使句子衔接好,就是一篇表达准确,意思连贯,内容完整的文章.以下是一个学生按照要求完成的作文:

In October 2016, Xianning, a small city in the southeast of Hubei province, hosted the first International Hot Spring Cultural and Tourism Festival. Despite the lack of money and experience, the people of Xianning were determined to make a new beginning. And then the city saw a series of great changes: the streets were lined with beautiful flowers, the buildings along the streets were cleaned and painted, the scenic sites were decorated with bamboos—the symbol of the city. All their efforts were not in vain. During the festival, the