本论文是一篇关于从句类论文查重,关于地质学文发表北京相关本科论文范文。免费优秀的关于从句及定语及宾语方面论文范文资料,适合从句论文写作的大学硕士及本科毕业论文开题报告范文和学术职称论文参考文献下载。
【从句】
一、定语从句
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句.引导定语从句的关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose(ofwhich),but(who/that等not),as等,关系副词有when,where,why,how等.大多数定语从句都对所修饰的名词或代词加以限制,去掉该从句后先行词将意义不全或失去意义.而非限制性定语从句的作用在于补充,翻译时常常另起一个句子,与主句构成并列句.
(一)关系代词引导的定语从句
1.关系代词that引导的定语从句,that指人或指物,在从句中可以作主语,宾语.多数情况下,可与which互换.
【真题例句】Inasignificanttighteningoflegalcontrolsoverthepress,LordIrvine,theLordChancellor,willintroduceadraftbillthatwillproposemakingpaymentstowitnessesillegalandwillstrictlycontroltheamountofpublicitythatcanbegiventoacasebeforeatrialbegins.(2001完形)
【结构分析】本句主干为LordIrvinewillintroduceadraftbill等,其中bill由that引导的定语从句thatwillproposemakingpaymentstowitnessesillegalandwillstrictlycontroltheamountofpublicity等修饰,在从句中,that指代先行词bill作主语.观察连词and,可确定此从句中并列两个谓语willpropose和willcontrol.其中control的宾语theamountofpublicity后又跟一个that引导的定语从句thatcanbegiventoacasebeforeatrialbegins,使用了被动语态,that指代先行词publicity作主语.句首的介词短语Inasignificanttighteningoflegalcontrolsoverthepress作全句的状语.
【参考译文】为了有效地加强对新闻界的法律监控,大法官欧文勋爵将引入一项草案.这项草案将提出付款给证人是非法的,并且要严格控制审判前对案件的曝光.
【真题例句】Theoverallresulthasbeentomakeentrancetoprofessionalgeologicaljournalsharderforamateurs,aresultthathasbeenreinforcedbythewidespreadintroductionofrefereeing,firstbynationaljournalsinthe19thcenturyandthenbyseverallocalgeologicaljournalsinthe20thcentury.(2001阅读1)
【结构分析】本句的主干是一个完成时的主系表结构Theoverallresulthasbeen等foramateurs,表语由不定式短语tomake等harder(使等更难)充当.名词短语aresultthat等是主干中主语result的同位语,作用是对其进行补充说明.在此名词短语中,关系代词that引导定语从句thathasbeenreinforcedby等修饰先行词result,that在从句中代替result作主语,从句的谓语使用了被动语态.
【参考译文】总体结果是,业余人员在专业地质学刊物上发表论文更难了,这种结果又由于审稿的广泛引入而变得更糟——19世纪由国家级杂志评审,20世纪由一些地方地质学杂志评审.
从句本科毕业论文这么写
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【真题例句】Therewillbetelevisionchatshowshostedbyrobots,andcarswithpollutionmonitorsthatwilldisablethemwhentheyoffend.(2001-71)
【结构分析】本句为therebe句型.主干为Therewillbetelevisionchatshows等,andcars等其中shows后由过去分词结构hostedbyrobots(作定语)修饰,cars后的介宾短语withpollutionmonitors作后置定语,该定语中monitors后跟一个that引导的定语从句thatwilldisablethem等,关系代词that指代monitors在从句中作主语.句末的whentheyoffend作从句中的时间状语.
【参考译文】未来将出现机器人主持的谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车,当汽车污染超标时,监控器就会让其停止.
【真题例句】Andthankstothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsandmicromechanics,therearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsubmillimeteraccuracy—fargreaterprecisionthanhighlyskilledphysicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone.(2002阅读2)
【结构分析】本句与上句同,主干therebe句型therearealreadyrobotsystems等中,systems由that引导的定语从句thatcanperform等(直到句末)修饰,关系代词that指代先行词systems在从句中作主语.破折号之后的部分fargreaterprecisionthan等是submillimeteraccuracy的同位语,起补充说明作用,这里使用了比较级.句首的Andthankstothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsandmicromechanics作全句的状语.
【参考译文】由于电子技术的不断微型化和微型机械学的发展,已经出现了能够完成某些脑部和骨科手术的机器人系统,其精确程度已达到亚毫米级,这一精确程度大大超出了技术娴熟的医生光凭双手所能达到的水平.
【真题例句】Forexample,changesintheeconomythatleadtofewerjobopportunitiesforyouthandrisingunemploymentingeneralmakegainfulemploymentincreasinglydifficulttoobtain.(2004完形)
【结构分析】本句主干的结构为"主+谓+宾+宾补",即changesmakegainfulemploymentincreasinglydifficulttoobtain.主语changes后有两个修饰语,其一是介词短语intheeconomy作的后置定语,其二是that引导的定语从句thatleadtofewerjobopportunitiesforyouthandrisingunemploymentingeneral.该定语从句中,关系代词指代先行词changes作主语,谓语leadto有两个宾语,分别为jobopportunities和unemployment,由and并列.
【参考译文】举例来说,经济改革导致了年轻人就业机会的减少和普遍上升的失业率,这些都使得有酬工作越来越难找.
注意:只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况:
(1)在therebe句型中,只用that,不用which,
(2)不定代词如anything,nothing,theone,all,much,few,any,little等作先行词时,只用that,不用which,
(3)先行词有theonly,thevery修饰时,只用that,
(4)先行词为序数词,形容词最高级时,只用that,
(5)先行词既有人,又有物时.
【真题例句】Toparaphrase18th-centurystatesmanEdmundBurke,"allthatisneededforthetriumphofamisguidedcauseisthatgoodpeopledonothing."(2003阅读2)
【结构分析】本句的直接引语中,主干为一个主系表结构allisthat等,其中主语all由that引导的定语从句thatisneededforthetriumphofamisguidedcause修饰,关系代词that指代先行词all在从句中作主语.表语由that引导的名词性从句thatgoodpeopledonothing充当.
【参考译文】用18世纪政治家埃德蒙·柏克的话说:"一个被误导的事业如果能成功,它唯一需要的就是好人无所作为".
2.关系代词which引导的定语从句,which指物,在从句中可以作主语,宾语等.多数情况下,可与that互换.
【真题例句】用Ifyouarepartofthegroupwhichyouareaddressing,youwillbeinapositiontoknowtheexperiencesandproblemswhicharemontoallofyouandit'llbeappropriateforyoutomakeapassingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfoodorthechairman'snotoriousbadtasteinties.(2002阅读1)
【结构分析】本句包含两个并列分句,由and连接.第一个分句为youwillbeinapositiontoknowtheexperiencesandproblemswhicharemontoallofyou,这里包含一个定语从句,由which引导,关系代词which指代先行词theexperiencesandproblems,在从句中作主语.第二个分句为i
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