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摘 要:金融证券化现象大量充斥于市场中.它给市场带来了诸多利润,也带来了非理性繁荣.因为金融创新背后便隐藏着金融风险.金融创新不能构建于沙尘之上,纵使金融化促使经济无限繁荣,非理性的增长,但一旦人们意识到风暴来临,基础的沙尘在随风动摇时,这栋再精美的金融大厦离毁灭也就不远啦.故在金融创新背景下,亟待需要市场重构.
关 键 词:金融证券化法律监管法律经济学
一、Afinancialphenomenon
Duringmid-autumnfestival,wecanseesomuchmooncakecoupon.AndwhythereexistssomuchmooncakecouponinthemarketAccordingtomyinvestigation,thatisbecausemooncakemanufacturingenterpriseswanttomakemoreprofitsbuttheydonothavetheabilitytoincreaseitsoutputrapidlyintheshorttimebecauseofbeingrestrictedbyProductionFunction(Cobb–Douglasfunction:Y等于A(t)L*α.K*β.μ).
TakemooncakemanufacturerAforexample,whichwantstomakemoreprofits,butitcan’tincreaseitsoutputrapidlyintheshorttimebecauseofbeingrestrictedbyproductionfunction.SoAhasanideathathecanproduce$100mooncakecoupon,whichismainlybasedonfollowingconsideration—thereexistsconsumers’needinthemarketbeforemid-autumnfestival.Andthereisalmostnotanyextracostforproducingmooncakecoupon.Aboveall,itwillhelphimtomakemoreprofits.AndthenAsellsthecoupontothedealerBatthepriceof$65.BsellsittocustomerCatthepriceof$80.Butrightnow,duetosomereasons,Cdoesnotreallyneedthiscoupon(mooncakeisnotdailynecessities,whichappearsprimarilyinmid-autumnfestival.Justasfinancialproductsinthefinancialmarketthatarenotnecessarybutgivepeoplehopeandincentivetobuythem,sothatiteasilyleadstofinancialcrisisoncepeoplelosetheirhopetothesefinancialproducts).AfterC,CdoesnotneedthecouponandmakesuphismindtosendittoDforfree.Atthesametime,DalsodoesnotneedthiscouponsothathesellsittothescalperEatalowpriceat$40(Admittedly,DcansellhiscoupontoothersthroughpersistentlysearchingatahigherpricebutitwillcosthistimeandsearchcostssothatsellingtothescalperEdirectlyisthemosteffectivewayforhim).Atlast,thescalperEsellsthecoupontoAimmediatelyatthepriceof$50.
ABCDEA
Table1:Cost-BenefitAnalysis
二、Financialsecuritizationandirrationalexuberance
Duringmooncakecouponcirculating,themooncakemanufacturerAperhapsdoesnotproduceanymooncake,buteveryoneobtainprofitfrommooncakecouponexceptC(butCmaygetpotentialprofitthroughgivingthecoupontoDforfreebecausethisfavorwillbringCprofitfromDinthelong-term).Amaydonotproduceanymooncake,butAgetextra$15profit.Bgetsextra$15.Dgets$40profitandthescalpergets$10.Almosteverybody’ssituationbeesbetterthanthatofthepast.Underthistradingmodel,thecustomerwhobuysthecouponcanachievethegoalofpurchasingcouponatalowpriceandthecustomerwhoeventuallygetsthecouponcanmakethecouponnotbeuseduptherealmoney.Themanufacturercanavoidtherestrictionofproductionfunctionandachievethegoalofgettingmoreprofit.Evenifthescalperwhosebehaviormaybeillegalalsogetssomeprofit.Andthisisfinancialsecuritization.
Financialsecuritizationmakeseconomymoreflowingandmostofpeople’ssituationbetter.Consideringthemultipliereffect,theeconomyismuchbetter.Andmoreimportantly,mostofpeoplemakeprofitsfromthiskindoffinancialsecuritizationsothattheyhavetheconfidence(orego)thatthemarketwillbebetterandbetter—Rightnow,themarketistrappedinanirrationalexuberance.Anditisverydangerousbecausethisirrationalexuberanceisbasedonanillusionthatallofthemwillcontinuetomakeprofitsfromthefinancialsecuritizationotherthananstablerealeconomy—Theymaydonotproduceanymooncake.
三、Financialsecuritizationandfinancialrisks
(一)Legalregulatoryrisk
1.Theriskoflawhasnoclearstipulation.
Intheprocessofthesecuritizationofmooncake,mooncakemanufactureristheinitiator,howtodefinethenatureofthecouponfromthelawLawhasnotclearlydefinedit,whichwillbetrappedinthedilemmaoflawlessordifficulttoabidelaw.
First,ismooncakecouponbond
Bondisaninstrumentofindebtednessofthebondissuertotheholders.Itisadebtsecurity,underwhichtheissuerowestheholdersadebtand,dependingonthetermsofthebond,isobligedtopaytheminterestand/ortorepaytheprincipalatalaterdate,termedthematurity.AndInterestisusuallypayabletoholdersatsomefixedintervals,suchasmonthly,semiannual,annual,10-year.Buttheissuerofmooncakecoupondoesnotpayinteresttoholdersonaregularbasis,whichdoesnotconformtothebonddebtrelationsfromthispointofview.
Second,ismooncakecouponstock
Stockisatypeofsecuritythatconstitutestheequityofitsowners,whichrepresentstheresidualassetsofthepanythatwouldbeduetostockholdersafterdischargeofallseniorclaimssuchassecuredandunsecureddebt.Stockholdershavestockrightswhichincludetherighttodividethedividend,therighttoenactandamendthearticlesofassociation,therightofappointmentanddecisionmanagement,therighttoparticipateinthegeneralmeetingofshareholders.Butintheprocessofcirculationofmooncakecoupon,holdersdonotdirectlyinvesttothemooncakemanufacture.Andholderscanonlyexchangemooncakecoupontosomemooncake,don'tenjoyotherrightsownedbyshareholders,whichshowsthatthemooncakecouponisstock.2.Theriskoftunneling
Underthecircumstanceofmooncakesecuritization,mostof
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