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撰写论文时该注意些什麽
俞征武订於2002/6/11.
大纲:
前言
论文基本格式编排
论文基本架构
正确的写作方式
常犯的英文文法错误
论文之引用
论文之收藏
零前言
一般科技性质的学术论文有其一定的格式.初写论文的学生因较不熟悉,故常有很大的困扰.所以写了一些提示,希望提醒自己或对我的学生有所帮助.
论文基本格式
写作论文一般每个Journal有自己的规定.但整篇论文必须有统一的格式(format)却是一致遵守的习惯.以下列出常见的规矩:
字体与字型:
font为timesnewroman,字体大小为12点字.
每个section中的title其字体大小为14(小section)或16点字(大section).
Paper的标题(title)的字体大小为18点字,而且需置中.
段落:
文章中每段落左右需切齐.
每一个section前需空一行.
每一个paragraph前需缩排.
空格:
逗号後面接一个空格,如:等inthepaper,hence等.
在两个word中只用一个空白分隔,不可使用两个空白以上.
斜体:
论文中所有变数都要斜体,如:Whenx>,y,thealgorithm等.
论文中自行定义的名词在第一次出现时需斜体,之後就不再用斜体.
论文中所有constant不要斜体,如:Whenx1>,y2,thealgorithm等.其中1,2虽然在下标一样不需斜体.
其他:
缩写要用小括号,如randomaccessmemory(RAM).
使用三个小点(等)代表省略,如x1,x2,等,xn,
参考论文之引用需用中括号,如:In[16],wehavepresented等.
利用大括号代表集合(set),如:LetS等于{1,2,3,4,5},等.
整篇文章不用粗体(bold).
Figure的说明在正下方,Tables的说明在正上方.
定理证明结束的最後一行的最右方写入"".
行间的距离请用doublespace,虽然不同的刊物有不同的要求.
论文基本架构
以下利用一个例子来说明论文的基本架构.
论文标题(title)
(论文标题范例)需简短并指出论文的特色及贡献
【范例】
IrregularRedistributionSchedulingbyPartitioningMessages
Chun-IChen,ChangWuYu,Ching-HsienHsu,Kun-MingYu,andC.-K.Liang
DepartmentofComputerScienceandInformationEngineering
ChungHuaUniversity,Hsinchu,Taiwan300,R.O.C.
{cwyu,chh,yu,ckliang}@chu.edu.tw
摘 要(Abstract)
撰写摘 要可用一句话点明研究问题的领域及重要性.用两三句话定义研究问题及动机.再用两三句话说明研究具体的成果,最後一句提及主要贡献.
【范例】
Abstract
Dynamicdataredistributionenhancesdatalocalityandimprovesalgorithmperformancefornumerousscientificproblemsondistributedmemorymulti-puterssystems.RegulardatadistributiontypicallyemploysBLOCK,CYCLIC,orBLOCK-CYCLIC(c)tospecifyarraydeposition.Conversely,anirregulardistributionspecifiesanunevenarraydistributionbasedonuser-definedfunctions.Performingdataredistributionconsistsoffourcosts:indexputationalcost,scheduleputationalcost,messagepacking/unpackingcost,anddatatransfercost.Previousresultsfocusonreducingtheformerthreecosts.However,inirregularredistribution,messageswithvaryingsizesaretransmittedinthesamemunicationstep.Therefore,thelargestsizedmessagesinthesamemunicationstepdominatethedatatransfertimerequiredforthismunicationstep.Thisworkpresentsanefficientalgorithmtopartitionlargemessagesintomultiplesmallonesandschedulesthembyusingtheminimumnumberofstepswithoutmunicationcontentionand,indoingso,reducingtheoverallredistributiontime.Whenthenumberofprocessorsorthemaximumdegreeoftheredistributiongraphincreasesortheselectedsizeofmessagesismedium,theproposedalgorithmcansignificantlyreducetheoverallredistributiontimeto52%.Moreover,theproposedalgorithmcanbeappliedtoarbitrarydataredistributionwhileslightlyincreasingthemunicationschedulingtime.
Keywords:dataredistribution,scheduling,edgecoloring,bipartitegraphs,multi-graphs
1.简介(Introduction)
1.1首先界定您的研究问题的研究领域并说明此领域在广度上的重要性.
【范例】
Parallelputingsystemshavebeenextensivelyadoptedtoresolveplexscientificproblemsefficiently.Whenprocessingvariousphasesofapplications,parallelsystemsnormallyexploitdatadistributionschemestobalancethesystemloadandyieldabetterperformance.Generally,datadistributionsareeitherregularorirregular.RegulardatadistributiontypicallyemploysBLOCK,CYCLIC,orBLOCK-CYCLIC(c)tospecifyarraydeposition[14,15].Conversely,anirregulardistributionspecifiesanunevenlyarraydistributionbasedonuser-definedfunctions.Forinstance,HighPerformanceFortranversion2(HPF2)providesageneralizedblockdistribution(GEN_BLOCK)[19,20]format,allowingunequallysizedmessages(ordatasegments)ofanarraytobemappedontoprocessors.GEN_BLOCKpavesthewayforprocessorswithvaryingputationalabilitiestohandleappropriatelysizeddata.
本篇论文来源 http://www.sxsky.net/xie/070942699.html
Arrayredistributioniscrucialforsystemperformancebecauseaspecificarraydistributionmaybeappropriateforthecurrentphase,butinpatibleforthesubsequentone.Manyparallelprogramminglanguagesthussupportrun-timeprimitivesforrearrangingaprogram'sarraydistribution.Thereforedevelopingefficientalgorithmsforarrayredistributionisessentialfordesigningdistributedmemorypilersforthoselanguages.Whilearrayredistributionisperformedatruntime,atrade-offoccursbetweentheefficiencyofthenewdatarearrangementfortheingphaseandthecostofarrayredistributingamongprocessors.
1.2在此研究领域上有何研究问题需要解决可和先人的成果比较以突显本论文的创意.
【范例】
Performingdataredistributionconsistsoffourcosts:indexputationalcostTi,scheduleputationalcostTs,messagepacking/unpackingcostTpanddatatransfercost.Theindexandscheduleputationsareexecutedinpliertime,withtheremaininginruntime.Thedatatransfercostforeachmunicationstepconsistsofstar
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