论文提纲是论文正文内容开展的第一个问题,主要也就是格式和总结的问题,不清楚的同学可以看一下以下的英文论文提纲。
Chapter1Gatsby'sAmericanDreamandItsDistortion
1.1WhatistheAmericanDream
1.2Gatsby'sAmericanDreaminDifferentPhases
Chapter2DisillusionmentofGatsby'sDistortedDream
2.1Gatsby'sEffortsinAchievingHisAmericanDream
2.2Gatsby'sDisillusionment
Chapter3NewInterpretationofGatsby'sAmericanDream
3.1TheExternalFactorsoftheDisillusionment
3.1.1TheHierarchySystem
3.1.2TheJazzAge
3.2TheInternalFactorsoftheDisillusionment
3.3TheEssentialFactoroftheDisillusionment
3.4SomeHypotheses
3.5TheAmericanDreaminthePresentAge
Conclusion
Thisconclusion
F.ScottFitzgerald'sTheGreatGatsbyisanovelthatdealswithAmericandreamtoagreatextent.Inarelativelyshortnovelofninechapters,FitzgeraldtellsthetragicstoryofJayGatsby'squestfortherichandshallowDaisy.Throughthefirst-personnarrator,NickCarraway,theemptinessofthematerialisticAmericandreamisrevealedandthenovelultimatelymanifeststhefailureofthisAmericandream.
TheAmericandreamconcernspoliticsasin“TheDeclarationofIndependence”,militaryaffairsasintheparticipationofAmericaintheWorldWarⅠ,economyasaboutthematterofmaterialsuccess,moralconventionsasaboutspiritualgoodnessandreligiousfreedom,literatureasreflectedinnovels,sportsasintheprinciple“competingfairly,openlyandaboveboard”,aestheticsasintheappreciationofthebeautyofhappiness,andmanyotherfields.Itcomesfromtheoldcolonist'stime,throughtheWestwardExpansion,theIndependenceWar,theCivilWar,twoworldwars,tothepresenthighlydevelopedsocietyandgoesonforever.Itisamethodofcommunicationinthewaythatsuccessisusedtoshowoffandthattheinvisibleuntouchableinnervirtuesandabilitiesaretobeprovedtothesocietyintheformofvisiblesuccess.Itisahistoryofstruggleinthesensethatpeopletakeeffortstomakewhatissaidandwhatisdonemeet.Itistheemotionalandpsychologicalgrowthofindividualsaswellasmaterialandspiritualgrowthofthenation.
TheGreatGatsbynotonlyexpressesthethemeofthedisillusionedmaterialisticAmericandream,italsoconstantlyurgedthesocietytoseekanewculturalinsightoutlet---thespiritualAmericandream,whichundoubtedlyprovidesapatchtomendthealreadydistortedandimperfectAmericandreamculture.Sothepointistofindabalancebetweenthespiritualandthematerial.Wehaveexperiencedandwillexperiencealotofadventuresorfrustrationsinourlife,weconstantlyfacedifferenttemptationsandmoralshortcuts,sometimeswemayevenvacillate,butwhatmakesuspersistandkeepstrivingistherightvaluesandsolidfaiths,thusbringingusspiritualliberationandinnerfreedomtoliveahappylife.Thatisthepowerofdream.
TheroaringtwentiesoftheUnitedStatesistheidealsettingforGatsby'sstory,butitisonlythesetting.Thestoryitselfisasgreatasever.Tosomedegree,theAmericandreaminthisstoryissublimedtoauniversalsensewhichbreaksthelimitationoftimeandspace.SoanyresearchonthenovelanditsprofoundmeaningoftheAmericandreamwillneverbeoutdated.
论文提纲编写步骤
(一)确定论文提要,再加进材料,形成全文的概要
论文提要是内容提纲的雏型。一般书、教学参考书都有反映全书内容的提要,以便读者一翻提要就知道书的大概内容。我们写论文也需要先写出论文提要。在执笔前把论文的题目和大标题、小标题列出来,再把选用的材料插进去,就形成了论文内容的提要。
(二)原稿纸页数的分配
写好论文的提要之后,要根据论文的内容考虑篇幅的长短,文章的各个部分,大体上要写多少字。如计划写20页原稿纸(每页300字)的论文,考虑序论用1页,本论用17页,结论用1—2页。本论部分再进行分配,如本论共有四项,可以第一项3—4页,第二项用4—5页,第三项3—4页,第四项6—7页。有这样的分配,便于资料的配备和安排,写作能更有计划。毕业论文的长短一般规定为5000—6000字,因为过短,问题很难讲透,而作为毕业论文也不宜过长,这是一般大专、本科学生的理论基础、实践经验所决定的。
(三)编写提纲
论文提纲可分为简单提纲和详细提纲两种。简单提纲是高度概括的,只提示论文的要点,如何展开则不涉及。这种提纲虽然简单,但由于它是经过深思熟虑构成的,写作时能顺利进行。没有这种准备,边想边写很难顺利地写下去。
(四)修改提纲
提纲写好后,还有一项很重要的工作不可疏忽,这就是提纲的推敲和修改,这种推敲和修改要把握如下几点。一是推敲题目是否恰当,是否合适;二是推敲提纲的结构。先围绕所要阐述的中心论点或者说明的主要议题,检查划分的部分、层次和段落是否可以充分说明问题,是否合乎道理;各层次、段落之间的联系是否紧密,过渡是否自然。然后再进行客观总体布局的检查,再对每一层次中的论述秩序进行“微调”。