Abstract
LouiseErdrichisoneofthemostprolificandimportantwritersofcontemporaryNativeAmericanliterature.In2012,hernewnovelTheRoundHousewaspublishedtotheintensiveattentionfromcriticsandgeneralreadershipalike.ThenovelwontheNationalBookAward.
TheRoundHouseiscenteredonarapecase,tellingastoryofstrivingtosurvivewhilepursuingjusticethroughthejungleofdiscriminationanddespair.ErdrichdrawsfromOjibwemyths,storytellingtechniqueandskillfullymergewithwesternmainstreamculturetoexplorethemessuchassubversiontocolonialdiscourse,thelossandreconstructionofethnicidentity.
Inthisthesis,postcolonialtheoryisappliedtoanalyzethelossandreconstructionofethnicidentityofthenativepeopleandLouiseErdrich'sstrategiestoresistwhitecolonialdiscourse.TotheNativesstrugglingbetweentwoculturesandtraditions,thelossofidentityisinevitable,yetitispossibleandnecessaryforthemtoreconstructtheirethnicidentity.
Throughthenovel,Erdrichshowshowdifferentcharactersmakeeffortstoreconstructethnicidentity,representthenationalself-esteemandsubvertthewhitehegemony.Throughanalyzingthetextandthestrategiesoftheauthor,thethesissuggeststhewaytoreconstructethnicidentity-surpasstheethnicboundary,recuperatetraditionalculture,embracehybridity,mixwithadvancedcultureofthemainstreamsocietyandmakechangesaccordinglytogainabettergroundforsurvivalandthriving.
Thethesisfirstintroducestheresearchbackground,theorganization,andthesignificanceofaninterpretationofTheRoundHousefromtheperspectiveofpostcolonialismandtheobjectofthethesis.ThenitpresentsthecriticalreviewsonLouiseErdrich'sworksfromthreeperspectives.Besides,itprovidesabriefintroductiontothedevelopmentandmainframeofpostcolonialism,amongwhichEdwardSaid'snotionof“otherness”,GayatriSpivak'snotionof“subaltern”andHomiBhabha'snotionof“hybridity”arethekeytermsemployedinthethesis.Thecentralpartofthethesisisdevotedtoanalyzingthelossandreconstructionofethnicidentityembodiedinthelivesofdifferentcharacters.Intheconclusionpart,thethesisrevealsthatforpeoplelivingbetweentwocultures,neitherretreatingtothetraditionnoryieldingtothewhitesocietyisagoodchoice.Inthemulticulturalworld,thenativepeopleshouldunitethecommunitypowertoembracehybridityandrecuperatebrillianttraditionalculture.Onlyinthisway,cantheysurviveandreconstructtheirethnicidentitysuccessfully.
Abstract
Withintheframeworkoffeminismandarchetypalcriticism,thisthesis,bytakingThePassionofNewEveasitsdiscourse,analyzesanddiscussesAngelaCarter'sapplicationofdemythologizingasafeministstrategy.Byrewritingandsubvertingthosefemalearchetypes,Carteraimstobreakthefettersandshacklesofpatriarchy,exploringthewaytowomen'sliberationaswellasthereconciliationbetweentwogenders.
Believingthathumansocietyhasbeenestablishedonpatriarchy,feministsendeavortochangewomen'ssubordinatestatusandachievegenderequality.Archetypalcriticism,asoneofthemostinfluentialbranchesinliterarycriticism,regardsmythastheoriginofliterature.
Myths,especiallytheBible,coveralltheformsandmotifsknownasarchetypesinliterature.
Asadevotedpioneerandadvocatoroffeminism,Carterrealizesthatthosefemalearchetypesareusuallystereotypedanddogmatic,whichisactuallyinventedbypatriarchyfortheoppressionandexploitationofwomen.
Basedonintensivereadingandexhaustivetextualanalysis,thisthesisillustratesCarter'sdemythologizingofthreefemalearchetypesinThePassionofNewEve,whichare“Temptress,,,”MotherGoddesses“and”Eve“respectively.Firstly,thesufferingsthatLeilahencounterinthenovelrevealthat”Temptresses“areinfactvictimsofpatriarchyinsteadoforiginsofdisloyaltyanddisasters.Whileseenbymenasobjectsoftheirsexualdesires,theyalsoriskself-objectification,whichresultsinthedeprivationofsubjectivityasindependenthumanbeings.Secondly,”Mother“inBeulahisjustanartificialmyth,汪consolatorytoolfabricatedbypatriarchy,behindtheglorificationofwhicharepatriarchalvaluesandcodes.
Thirdly,thetransformativejourneyEveexperiencedfromachauvinisttoarealwomandemonstratesthatfemininity,ratherthananinherentquality,istheresultofsocialinfluenceandpersistentimitations.
Throughthedemythologizingofthosefemalearchetypes,CarteroverthrowsthepatriarchalhegemonyaswellasUtopianmatriarchaldreams,offeringandrogynyasapotentialsolutiontothecurrentsexualconflicts.Inheropinion,therealreconciliationbetweentwogendersshouldbebasedonmutualrespectandunderstanding,whichisconfirmedbytheunionbetweenthenewEveandTristessainThePassionofNewEve.
Abstract
CipoemsareagreattreasureofChineseclassicliteraryandoccupyauniqueplaceinliteraryhistory.Translationsofcipoemsareabundant,amongwhichXuYuanchong's100TangandSongCiPoemsismorecomprehensive,foritcoversthetwodynastiesinwhichcipoemsdevelopedgreatly.Centeringontheactualizationoftheaestheticmotivations,thisthesisexaminesthetranslationofcipoemsbyXuYuanchongfromthesemioticperspective.
Semioticsisanindependentdiscipline,andwiththedevelopmentofinterdisplineiystudy,itisappliedtotranslation,butlimitedinresearch.Asholisticandeffectiveasitmightbe,semioticsisbelievedtobethemostcomprehensivesystemtoanalyzesigns,especiallyinpoetrytranslation.Thethesiswillapplythismethodologyandstudyaestheticmotivationunderlyingtranslationsofthe100cipoemsatthreelevels:phonologicalmotivation,syntacticmotivationandsemanticmotivation.
Througharoughanalysisoftiie100cipoems,semiotics'sfunctionasaneffectivemethodologyhasbeenlargelyfulfilled.Inthestudyofsemanticmotivation,semioticsistakenasapowerfulanalytictool.Andinthestudyofphonologicalmotivationandsyntacticmotivation,thesemioticrationaleandtheoreticalperspectiveisapplied.Phonologicalmotivation,syntacticmotivationandsemanticmotivationareallrealizedtoalargeextentinXuYuanchong'stranslation,sohistranslationissuccessfulintheactualizationofaestheticmotivationonthewhole.Thedegreeoftherealizationofsyntacticmotivationisthehighestamongthethreewhilethedegreeofphonologicalmotivationisthelowest.TheresearchresultshowsthatXuYuanchonghasstrictlyfollowedhistranslationtheoryof”beautyinsense,insoundandinform“inhistranslationpractice.
ABSTRACT
ThistranslationreportactsasasummaryformyC-EtranslationprojectofTrademarkLawofP.R.China,anditsemphasesisonhowtotranslateintoEnglishtheChinese”De“structureswithconditionalimplications.Thisprojectisasimulationpracticeforthepurposeofstrengtheningmytranslationability.
TheTrademarkLawofP.R.Chinacontainslotsof”De“structureswithconditionalimplicationswhichshouldbetranslatedintoconditionalclausesduetolinguisticdifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglish.Thegreatchangeposegreatdifficultytotranslation.Thefirstdifficultyliesinthediversifiedandcomplexstructureswithintricatelogicalrelations.Thesecondstemsfrom”De,,structures'vacancyofconjunctionswhichshouldnotmissintheircorrespondingEnglishtranslationsandthechoiceoftheconjunctionisaffectedbythecomplexityofstructure.
ThisprojectadoptsVermeer'sSkoposTheorytothetranslationof6De'structureswithconditionalimplications.ThetargetreadersofthetranslationareEnglish-speakingpeopleeagertogetacquaintedwiththetrademarklawofChina,andthepurposeoftranslationistoprovidethemwithacompleteandreadableEnglishversion.Theauthoradoptsthemethodofsyntacticlinearityforthephrasalverb+'De,structures,themethodsofrestructuringanddisconnectingforsimpleclausesandcomplexclauses+6De'structures.TheconjunctioniforwhereischosenaccordingtotherulesoflegalEnglish.
Thetranslatoradoptsdifferenttranslationmethodsinthisreporthopingthatthedifficultiesoftranslating“De”structureswithconditionalimplicationscouldbesolvedandatthesametime,couldprovidesomeenlightenmentforothertranslatorsconfrontedwithsimilardifficulties.
Abstract
DorisLessingisaprolificwriter,whoseliteraturecontainsnumerousthemes,withtheGoldenNotebooklaureateherastheNobelPrizewinner,aseaofcriticsbothathomeandabroadhavebeenengagedinresearchesonthismasterpiece.Thesecommentsaremainlyconductedfromtwoperspectives,i.e.explorationonitsmultiplesthemesaswellasitssplitforms.Asfortheformer,partsofscholarsclaimedthatitisafeministnovelinwhichLessingwroteasthespeakeroffreewomen.Lessing,however,hasbeensostronglyagainstthissurficialunderstandingthatshemadeclearherintentioninwritingthisnovelinthepreface,itexpressedadisorderandsplitnatureofthattimeviarecordingtheprotagonistAnna'sexperiencesinvariousfivenotebooks.Womenachievedtheirfreedomnotbecauseoftheirtriumphsovermen,butbecauseoftheirsuccessfulmaintenanceofpowerrelationsbetweentheirmalecounterpartsandthemselves.
Inordertogivefurtherelaborationontheabovethematicunderstanding,thisthesisisgoingtoanalyzetheprotagonistAnnaviaapplyingFoucault'spowertheoryfromthreeaspects,i.e.hercollapseandrebuildofpoliticalfaith,herdesperationandreliefonmarriageandtruelove,aswellashersplitandintegrationofinnermind.Its'purposeistopointoutthetraditionalmale/femaledichotomycouldnotprovidethereasonwhynumerousso-calledfreewomenareunabletoharborfreeatall.However,inturningtoFoucault'spowertheory,wecouldputwomen'soppressionintolargersocialrealm,whatdeprivedwomen'sfreedomistheirsubjectiontodisciplinarypowerinsociety,whichworksnotsimplyfromtop-downorder,butexertsitsinfluenceoneachindividualthroughasurveillancemechanismcalled“panopticon”.Moresignificantly,Foucault'spowertheoryalsotellsuswomenbecometheproducerandcarrierofpower,whorestrictmen'slifebyresistancetowardspower;thiscouldbewellprojectedintheappearanceofAnna'ssecondhusband.Atthesametime,thefactthatwomenarethepowercarrierisdemonstratedintheirself-adaptiontopsychologicalinstability,Annaremainedmentallyilleventhoughsheturnedtopsychologistforseveraltimes.ItisonlywhenshediscoveredandacceptedthetruththatthereexistingtwoAnnainherbodythatsheachievedunityinbodyandsoul.
Inanutshell,applyingFoucault'spowertheorytoanalyzetheprotagonistAnna'sself-redemptionprocess,ontheonehand,cantracetherootcauseofAnna'sturbulentlifeas汪female,andexplainhowsheremoldedherselfbyresistingaswellaswieldingpoweronothers.Ontheotherhand,itcanunveilseveraltypicalproblemsfacingfeminism,suchasthetraditionalpatriarchysystem,women'sself-consciousness,andfeminists'viewtowardspsychology,thusleadingfeminismintoamorereasonablepatii.
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