英语论文提纲格式

本文是以外国语言学及应用语言学毕业论文《从翻译规范视角研究英语谓语的选择一一以《红楼梦》两译本第三回为例》为例，以下是论文提纲。

ChapterOneIntroduction
1.1PurposeofthePaper
1.2TheoreticalFramework
1.3MethodologyandDataCollection
1.4SignificanceofthePaper
1.5OutlineofthePaper
ChapterTwoLiteratureReview
2.0Introduction
2.1ChineseSentenceComponentsandEnglishPredicate
2.2OntheTranslationofChineseFiniteVerbs
2.3OntheTwoEnglishVersionsofHLM.
2.3.1TheReferenceVersionsofHLM
2.3.2Acceptability
2.4Summary
ChapterThreeAnOperationalNormontheSelectionofEnglishPredicatesinC-ETranslation
3.0Introduction
3.1ChinesePredicatesastheSources
3.1.1ChineseOne-verbSentences
3.1.2ChineseMulti-verbalSentence
3.1.2.1PivotConstructions
3.1.2.2SerialVerbalConstructions
3.1.2.3ConstructionswithSubject-predicatePhrases
3.2EmptyCategoriesastheSources
3.3ChineseAdverbialsastheSources
3.4Summary
ChapterFourTheTextual-linguisticNormontheTranslationofChineseVerbsinC-ETranslation
4.0Introduction
4.1SimilaritiesbetweentheYangs'VersionandHawkes,VersioninEnglishCounterpartsofChineseVerbsinC-ETranslation
4.1.1Verb（VerbalPhrase）
4.1.2EmptyCategories
4.1.3Non-finiteVerb（VerbalPhrase）
4.1.3.1Participle
4.1.3.2Infinitive（Phrase）
4.1.4Preposition（PrepositionalPhrase）
4.1.5Noun
4.1.6Adverb
4.1.7Adjective
4.1.8Auxiliary
4.2DiscrepanciesbetweentheYangs'VersionandHawkes'VersioninEnglishCounterpartsofChineseVerbs
4.2.1Verb
4.2.2Preposition
4.2.3Noun
4.2.4Adjectives
4.2.5EmptyCategories
4.2.5.1EmptyCategoriesintheYangs,Version
4.2.5.2AdditioninHawkes'sVersion
4.3Summary
ChapterFiveConstraintsontheSelectionofEnglishPredicateinC-ETranslation
5.0Introduction
5.1ConstraintsfromtheInitialNorm
5.2ConstrainsfromthePreliminaryNorms
5.3ConstrainsfromtheTextual-linguisticNorms
5.3.1FromthePerspectiveofDiscourseTheme
5.3.2FromthePerspectiveofSyntax
5.3.2.1ChineseSentencewithOvertSubject
5.3.2.1.1SameSubjectbetweentheTwoEnglishVersionsofHLM65
5.3.2.1.2DifferentSubjectsbetweentheTwoEnglishVersionsofHLM.66
5.3.2.2ChineseSentencewithCovertSubject
5.3.2.2.1SameSubjectbetweentheTwoEnglishVersionsofHLM
5.3.2.2.2DifferentSubjectsbetweentheTwoEnglishVersionsofHLM.68
5.3.3FromthePerspectiveofWord
5.3.3.1Motion+Path
5.3.3.2Motion+Co-event
5.4Summary
ChapterSixConclusions
6.1Findings
6.2LimitationsandSuggestions

Thisconclusion

BasedonthethirdchapterofHLMmditstwoEnglishversions,thisthesisexploreshowtoselectEnglishpredicatesinC-Etranslationthroughthecomparisonbetweentheoriginaltext,theYangs5versionandHawkes,versionwithToxiry'sthree-phasemethodology.Thisstudyfindsoutthat,ontheselectionofEnglishpredicates,thetranslatorshaveadoptedthefollowingthreenorms.Theinitialnormistosubjecttothetargetculture:previousstudieshaveprovedthatcomparedwiththeYang's,Hawkes'sversion,complyingwiththisnorm,ismorepopularamongTRs.Thepreliminarynormistosubjectthemselvestothetranslationpolicyintheirowntranslationalcontext.ThoughthetwotranslatorshavechosenthesameST,theyareindifferenttranslationalcontextsandhavedifferenttranslationpurposes:Hawkes,consideringthecontradictionbetweenthewesterners'curiosityaboutChinaandChineseliteratureandthedeficiencyoftranslatedChineseliteratureintheWesternWorld,determinestofillupthisblankandprovideawindowfortheTRstogetaglimpseofChina;whereas,theYangsareappointedbytheForeignLanguagePresstofulfillthemissionofspreadingtheChineseliteraturetothewest.Differenttranslationpurposescausedifferenttranslationstrategies,which,inturn,leadtodiscrepanciesintheacceptabilityoftheTT.InChina,theYangs'versionisunsurpassable,butatabroad,theHawkes'sversionisinthetop-rankingamongtheEnglishversionsofHLM.Asfortheoperationalnorm,ithasbeenconcludedthatthehighersyntacticstatustheEnglishpredicateoccupies,thehigherinformationvalueitconveys,whichdeterminesthatnormallytheselectedEnglishpredicatewillbeincorrespondencewiththeoriginalsyntacticcomponentwhichalsoenjoysahighersyntacticstatusaswellaspossessesahigherinformationvalueandthatfindingisalsoreflectedinthefollowingway:theelementloadedwiththeinformationabouttheresultofaneventintheST,forexample,theChineseverbindicatingtheresultofanevent,isnormallyrenderedintoanelementwithahighersyntacticstatusintheTT,suchas,theEnglishmain-clausepredicateverbs.Apartfromthat,theselectionofEnglishpredicateswillalsobeconstrainedbythediscoursethemeofST,EnglishsubjectsanddifferentlexicalizationlevelsbetweenChineseandEnglish.
Allinall,thisresearchattemptstoshedlightonthestudyoftranslationprocessandbringaboutinspirationtotranslationteachingandpractice.