The application of domestication and foreignization on subti

Theapplicationofdomesticationandforeignizationonsubtitletranslation

Abstract：AsChinaopeneditselftotheoutsideworldsomefortyyearsago，tremendouschangeshavetakenplaceineveryfieldofthesociety，especiallyinculturaltransmissionindustry.Culturalexchangeshaveneverbeenmorefrequentthaneverbefore.Chinesefilmsandtelevisionsaregoinginternationaltobedisplayedatabroad，andatthesametime，moreandmoreforeignworksarepouringintofamiliesofthegeneralpeople.Undersuchcircumstances，subtitletranslation，asanimportanttoolofunderstandingthecontentsofafilmortelevision，playsadecisiveroleinevaluatingthequalityofthatwork.Allthisfinallygavebirthtoasubtitletranslation.Tofullycompletethismissionofbuildingalanguagebridgebetweendifferentcultures，sometranslatingtheoriesandstrategieswillbeneededandadopted.Sothispaperwillfocusontheimportanceandapplicationofdomesticationandforeignizationimplementedinsubtitletranslation，throughananalysisonthefeaturesandcharacteristicsofsubtitletranslationbasedonthelinesofFriends，apopularAmericanTVseries.Itisexpectedthatmorepracticalandhelpfulsuggestionsandadvicecanbeproducedsoastopavethewayforbetterandmoreprecisesubtitletranslationstrategies，whichinturnmaygreatlypromotethedevelopmentofsubtitletranslationindustry.
Keywords：Subtitletranslation；domestication；foreignization；Friends
1Introduction
Subtitletranslationisnotallaboutsimplelanguagething，butonsomelevel，itisgreatlyinfluencedbytheculturalhabitsofthetranslatedlanguage.That’stosay，whenitcomestosubtitletranslation，muchattentionshouldbepaidtohowtoproperlymanagethedifferencesbetweentheoriginallanguageandtargetone.Translators，however，asacommunicatorbetweentwocultures，theyaresupposedtoassumeresponsibilitytopromoteaharmoniousintegrationoftwolanguages，andreducethedifferencesinculturalfrontsinordertobuildabridgeforbetterexchangesandcommunications.ProfessorQianshaochangoncesaidthatpeoplewholearnaboutforeigncultureandcivilizationsfromfilmsandtelevisionsfaroutnumberthosewhogetexposuretoexoticculturesfrombooksandliterature.Inthissense，studyonsubtitletranslationissignificantlyvitaltothedevelopmentofculturalexchanges（Qianshaochang，2000）.
Baozhikunwroteinhisessay“ResearchonFilmSubtitleTranslationfromthePerspectiveofDomesticationandForeignization”thatintheprocessofsubtitletranslation，notonlyshouldthesourcetextbetakenintoaccountwhichhighlightsthefaithfulness，butthetranslation’scontentshouldbeacceptedandunderstoodbytheaudienceoftargetreaders（Baozhikun，2012）.Insuchcase，itishighlyadvisedthatthetranslatorproperlycoordinatethetwostrategies，theirprosandcons，sothatagoodtranslationcanbeachieved.Besides，ZhangyifeiandZhaoyuhongmadesomeeffortstodemonstratethewayofappropriatelymanagingtheapplicationofdomesticationandforeignizationin“TheApplicationofDomesticationandForeignizationinFilmSubtitleTranslation”（Zhangyifei&Zhaoyuhong，2012）.What’smore，Liuxinziinhisessayof“StudyonTranslationStrategiesofEnglishSubtitlesinPiratesoftheCaribbean：OnStrangerTidesfromthePerspectiveofDomesticationandForeignization”allegedthatdomesticationandforeignizationarenotcontradictorywitheachother，butarecomplementarilyrelated（Liuxinzi，2012）.Chinesescholarsandtranslatorshavepublishedonlyafewarticleswhichweremainlyempiricaldiscussion.ChineseTranslatorsJournalpublishedZhangChunbo'sAGeneralStudyonFilmTranslationandQianShaochangalsopublishedanarticlenamedFilmTranslation-AMoreandMoreImportantFieldintheWorldofTranslationinthesamejournalaftertwoyears（QianShaochang，2001）.ThebookTheApproachandResearchofForeignFilmDubbing，writtenbyZhaoHuayongconsistsofanumberofarticlesapproachingtothefilmtranslation（ZhaoHuayong，2000）.Inthenextyear，LiYunxing'sarticleStrategiesforTranslatingSubtitles，approachedtheproblemsinsubtitlestranslation，consideringspatio-temporalconstraints，informativefunction，andculturalelements（LiYunxing，2001）.2TheoreticalFoundation
FriedrichSchleiermacherfirstpurportedthetwodefinitionsasparaphrasewhichweretheearliesttheoryofdomesticationandforeignization（Schleiermacher2004）.Heputforwardinthebook“Analysisonthetranslatingmethods”in1813thattherearetwomethodsoftranslating.Oneisthatthetranslatorshouldtryhisbesttoguidethereadertounderstandtheauthorwhiletheauthorremainunchanged；theotheristhatheleadstheauthortoapproachthereaderwhilethereaderremainunchanged.
InDictionaryofTranslationStudies，foreignizationmeansthatthetranslationtextisentirely
differentfromthetargetlanguageinculturalandlinguisticcustoms，foritpreservestheforeignnessandstrangenessofthesourcelanguage.Whiledomesticationistheotherkindoftranslationstrategythataimstoadoptafluentandsmoothstyleinanattempttominimizethestrangenessandmaximizethecloseness（Shuttleworth&Cowie，2004）.Inthewest，domesticationandforeignizationhavestartedsincealongtimeagowhichdatesbacktoancientRome.AtthattimeLatintranslatorattemptedtoreducetheculturalstrangenessandtheyreplacedtheculturalimagesandpictureswiththelocallyculturalones（Baker2004）.Untilthe1990s，anewconcept“cultural”wasputforwardbySusanBassnett（1997）andAndreLefevere（1997）whomadestudiesabouttranslationfromtheperspectiveofculture.
2.1Domesticationandforeignization
Domesticatingtranslationseeksforatarget-language-orientedtranslation，boththeexpressingformandwrittenstylearesuitablefortarget-languagereaders.Howevertoomuchemphasisondomesticationmayalsowipeouttheoriginalstylesandculturalandartisticdistinctions，resultinginanunderestimationofthesourcework’svalues.Properlymaintainingthewesternexpressionsistosomeextenthelpfultoreflectthespiritoftheoriginalwork.Foreignizationissourcelanguage-orientedanditremainstheoriginalstyleofthesourcelanguageandmaintaintheexoticflavor.Foreignizatingtranslationisbasedonthesourcelanguage，andthetranslationworkaimstoconveytheculturalsignalsofthesourcelanguage.
3ApplicationofDomesticationandForeignizationinFriends
3.1TheapplicationofdomesticationinFriends
Eg1：---Joey：I'mtellingyouthatgirltotallywinkedatme.
---All：Didnot，shedidnotwinkatyou…References
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